Nutrient Distribution in Natural and Rehabilitated Mangroves with Various Types of Mangroves, Lampung, Indonesia

Mangroves play a crucial role in coastal ecosystems by providing essential nutrients for both animal and plant life. This study aims to compare the nutrient content in various parts (leaves, fruit, roots, and sediment) of natural and rehabilitated mangroves in Lampung, Indonesia. This research was conducted from November to December 2023 in Pesawaran (5.57185° N), for natural mangrove locations and South Lampung (105.24189° E) for rehabilitated mangrove locations in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Nutrient analyses including nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc contents in leaves, fruit, roots, and sediment were also conducted using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis using the Principal Component Analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between trace elements with part of mangrove in natural and rehabilitated mangroves. This research revealed that the Phosphorus (natural and rehabilitated mangrove) was found in leaves (0.018 - 0.029 mg kg-1), fruits (0 - 0.034 mg kg-1), roots (0.038 – 0.18 mg kg-1) and sediment (0.008 – 0.063 mg/kg). Natural mangroves had the highest nitrogen (N) content in leaves (Rhizophora stylosa > Rhizophora mucronata > Ceriop tagal). The highest magnesium (Mg) content in sediment was in Ceriop tagal in both natural (8.979 mg/kg) and rehabilitated (368.24 mg/kg) mangroves. The highest P content in natural mangroves was found in leaves (Rhizophora mucronata= Rhizophora stylosa > Ceriop tagal), fruits (Rhizophora stylosa > Rhizophora mucronata > Ceriop tagal), roots (Rhizophora mucronta > Rhizophora stylosa > Ceriop tagal), and sediment (Rhizophora mucronta > Rhizophora stylosa > Ceriop tagal). Trace element in leaves, fruits, and roots showed Magnesium > Zinc > Iron > Nitrogen > Phosphorus in natural mangrove and rehabilitated mangrove. Trace element in sediment showed Magnesium > Iron > Zinc > Nitrogen > Phosphorus in natural mangrove while Magnesium > Zinc > Iron > Nitrogen in rehabilitated mangrove. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) results showed that leaves had a BAF value < 1 in Iron, Zinc, both in natural and rehabilitated mangroves. Natural mangroves contain a wider variety of trace elements than rehabilitated mangroves.