Detection of Forest Fire, Smoke Source Locations in Kalimantan During the Dry Season for the Year 2015 using Landsat 8 from the Threshold of Brightness Temperature Algorithm

Almost every dry season, there are large forest/land fires in several regions in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan and Sumatra in the dry season of August to September 2015 a forest fire in 6 provinces namely West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Riau, Jambi, and South Sumatra. Even some parties proposed that the Government of Indonesia declares them as a national disaster. The low-resolution remote sensing data have been widely used for monitoring the occurrence of forest/land fires (hotspots), and mapping of burnt scars. The hotspot detection was done by utilizing the data of NOAA-AVHRR and MODIS data which have a lower spatial resolution (1 km). In order to increase the level of detail and accuracy of product information, this research is done by using Landsat 8 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) band which has a greater spatial resolution of 100 m. The purpose of this research is to find and to determine the threshold value of the brightness temperature of the TIRS data to identify the source of fire smoke. The data used is the Landsat 8 of several parts of Borneo during the period of 24 August to 18 September 2015 recorded by the LAPAN's receiving station. Landsat - 8 TIRS band was converted into brightness temperature in degrees Celsius, then dots in a region that is considered the source of the smoke if the temperature of each pixel in the region > 43oC, and given the attributes with the highest temperatures of the pixels in the region. The source of the smoke was obtained through visual interpretation of the objects in the multispectral Natural Color Composite (NCC) and True Color Composite (TCC) images. Analysis of errors (commission error) is obtained by comparing the temperature detected by TIRS band with a visual appearance of the source of the smoke. The result of the experiment showed that there were detected 9 scenes with high temperatures over 43oC from the 27 scenes Kalimantan Landsat 8 data, which include 153 sites. The accuracy (commission error) of identification results using temperature ≥ 51°C is 0%, temperature ≥ 47°C is 10%, and temperature ≥ 43°C is 30.5%.