Genetic Variations of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Marker

Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly known as fennel, has been utilized by Indonesian community for various purposes, from culinary to medicinal applications. The primary constituent of its chemical composition is the essential oil belonging to the monoterpene class, comprising more than 80% of its content. Genetic information plays a crucial role in determining the identity of a plant species. This information can also serve as a fundamental basis for conservation and plant breeding purposes. The aim of the research to determine the genetic diversity of F. vulgare. This study utilized fennel from six different locations. DNA examination of fennels used the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) marker. Cluster analysis of binary data on DNA fragment scores used Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA method as basis. The average polymorphism was 86.11%. The study indicated that the genetic variability of F. vulgare samples from the six locations fell within the moderate category. The results of this study open opportunities for further research in finding specific molecular markers to identify F. vulgare with its potential adulterant species.