Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Properties of 2-Geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone, A Chalcone from Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg Leaves

Thrombosis is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. The involvement of platelets in the formation of thrombus has been studied extensively. Platelet aggregation inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of thrombosis. Artocarpus altilis is a medicinal plant containing 2-geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (GTDC) with antiplatelet activity. A previous study showed that the plant extract and GTDC demonstrated antiplatelet activity in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. However, no data are available regarding its efficacy in platelet aggregation induced by other agonists. In addition, the antithrombotic activity of GTDC is unknown. This study evaluates the antithrombotic activity of GTDC and determines the antiplatelet specificity action of GTDC. Antithrombotic activity assay was done using FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis in rats, whereas the antiplatelet assays were performed in vitro utilizing human platelet induced by several platelet receptor agonists. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc test (p = 95%) in GraphPad Prism 8 software were used to analyze the data statistically. We found that GTDC (30 and 60 mg/kg) demonstrated antithrombotic activity by prolonging occlusion time due to thrombosis. GTDC showed its highest selectivity in the platelet aggregation pathway induced by ADP compared with thrombin, arachidonic acid, and epinephrine.