Analisis Kapal Berbahan Bakar LNG sebagai Marine Fuel dalam Mengurangi Emisi Gas Buang Terhadap Lalu Lintas Kapal di Pelabuhan Bitung

Analysis of LNG-Fueled Vessels as Marine Fuel in Reducing Exhaust Emissions Towards Ship Traffic in Bitung Port: The government has a program to convert ship fuel from oil to natural gas aiming to improve the efficiency of sea transportation services. The expansion of the use of natural gas in the maritime sector will reduce the dependence of fuel oil that has been used by ships in Indonesia. On the other hand, natural gas can be used for all sectors: industries, power plants, households, etc. This case is expected to be in line with the level of emissions from this sector so that it can be suppressed to be environmentally friendly rather than using fossil fuels. The limitation of the study is set for marine vessels with the assumption of 1,100 samples of different types of ship sizes using fuel oil (MGO). It is assumed that each ship will spend one day (24 hours) in Bitung port for waiting to dock and three days (72 hours) to do loading and unloading. As a result, the assumption of total activity time is +96 hours for each ship. The activities show the number of working hours of Auxiliary Engine (AE). During the anchored, ship has taken out 9,128.4 tons of emissions (CO, NOx, SOx and PM) to the atmosphere which causes air pollution. The analysis also shows that the emissions of ships docking and anchoring in ports set external factor costs of around 7,080,815 USD that has an economic impact on Bitung Port, community, and environment