Antibacterial activity of Garcinia mangostana peel-dyed cotton fabrics using synthetic and natural mordants

G. mangostana is available abundantly in Indonesia. Most of the time, the peel of G. mangostana becomes waste. In this study, G. mangostana peel waste was used as a dye for cotton fabrics. The utilization of natural dyes from biomass waste is increasing due to awareness of health and the environment. Extraction was carried out using water (contained 10% citric acid), and ethanol with the ratio of peel waste to solvent was 1:10. In this study, G. mangostana peel dyed-cotton fabrics’ antibacterial activity using several kinds of mordant against bacteria Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) was studied. Natural mordant from Ixora javanica leaves was also evaluated besides common mordants such as alum (KAl(SO 4 sulphate (FeSO 4 ⋅7H 2 O), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) 2 ⋅12H 2 O), ferrous ). The results showed that G. mangostana peel dyed- cotton fabrics using aqueous extraction with 10% of Ca(OH) 2 as a mordant showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the zone of inhibition as of 18.14 mm, meanwhile G. mangostana peel dyed-cotton fabrics using ethanol extraction with 10% of ferrous sulphate as mordant showed the highest antibacterial ac tivity against E. coli with the zone of inhibition as of 11.77 mm. Although without mordant, the G. mangostana peel dyed-cotton fabrics, also had antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus as of 10.52 mm and 10.29 mm, respectively. Moreover, G. mangostana peel dyed-cotton fabrics’ characterization using SEM, FTIR, and colour chromameter was also conducted. These results indicated G. mangostana peel waste’s potential use as an antibacterial agent in fabrics concurrent with natural dyes, which can be very useful in the medical field.