An integrated spatial-dynamic model for sustainable biomass supply to coal-fired power plants

This study examines the economic feasibility of utilizing energy plantation forests (EPFs) to supply biomass for co-firing in a coal-fired power plant in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. A system dynamics model was developed to integrate the costs of establishing and harvesting EPFs, biomass transportation logistics, and wood processing into sawdust. It is noted that logistical challenges, including optimizing transportation routes and modes, are crucial for reducing costs and enhancing efficiency. The model simulates various management scenarios, including different wood chipping locations (collection point, piling point, and integrated processing mill). Results indicate that the current management scenario, with wood chipping and sawdust processing at an integrated mill, yields a positive net present value (NPV), suggesting economic viability. Sensitivity analyses reveal that improving transportation efficiency has a more significant impact on NPV than increasing the sawdust conversion rate. The study also evaluates different cutting heights and transportation designs to optimize biomass supply chain efficiency. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable energy production through biomass co-firing.