An Integrated Approach of Geographic Information System and Multi-Crite Decision-Making Methods for Optimal Berth Site Selection in Pangandaran, Indonesia

Indonesia has approximately 500 navigable rivers, yet their utilization as Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) routes remains minimal. One promising IWT potential lies in the Citanduy River, Pangandaran Regency, West Java, which holds historical significance, vital functions for the local community, and tourism opportunities. This study aims to determine the optimal location for IWT docks using a comprehensive multimodal parameter-based approach encompassing spatial, infrastructural, economic, social, environmental, and regulatory aspects. The research process involved four main stages: identifying key parameters, conducting geographic information system (GIS)-based geographical analysis to determine alternative locations, parameter weighting using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), and ranking with the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking According to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) and Root Assessment Method (RAM). The analysis identified dominant parameters such as alignment with spatial planning, road accessibility, land cost, land use, and road width. Additional parameters included elevation, slope degree, landslide risk, flood risk, water depth, and sediment conditions. The geospatial analysis evaluated six potential IWT locations alongside three existing docks to determine the best dock location. MARCOS and RAM methods, known for their robustness in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), ranked the locations based on established criteria. The study recommends three optimal dock locations: IWT-6, IWT-1, and IWT-4, which scored highest in technical and strategic terms. This research provides critical guidance for developing sustainable waterway transport infrastructure in Pangandaran Regency, promoting the local economy, transportation efficiency, and tourism potential. Additionally, it highlights opportunities for creating similar IWT systems in other Indonesian regions with strategic river potential.