Toward high-rate capability of intercalation cathodes Li-ion batteries, potency for fast-charging application: A materials perspective

Intercalation cathodes are among the most favorable technologies to be applied in the future generation of lithium-ion batteries designed for electric vehicles (EV) due to their high working voltage and energy density. However, the goal of using them in electric vehicles to compete with the performance of internal combustion engines (ICE) is still constrained by a few problems. One of them is their poor fast-charging performance. This review begins by explaining three critical parameters affecting fast-charging in intercalation cathode, including structural stability, electronic conductivity, and ionic migration. These critical parameters are then utilized to analyze the performance and issues faced by four groups of intercalation cathodes (layered, spinel, olivine, and tavorite) under the fast-charging condition from the macroscopic point-of-view. After that, the latest research on developing strategies to satisfy the practical requirement for fast-charging applications is comprehensively summarized. Finally, future perspectives are put forward to provide insightful information on developing intercalation cathodes for fast-charging applications.