Analysis of Orifice in Biodiesel Reactor with Hydrodynamic Cavitation System using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Reactor technology for the trans-esterication process of vegetable oils or animal fats with methanol has been widely developed to obtain biodiesel products that comply with standards and at the lowest cost. The hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with orice type is a choice for this purpose. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal orifice design from several types tested through CFD simulation. Furthermore, the simulation and experimental methods were used. The computer simulations performed on orices A (2 holes with a diameter of 2 mm), B (4 holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm), C (9 holes with a diameter of 1 mm), and D (37 holes with a diameter of 0.5 mm) using the Schnerr and Sauer models showed that orifice C was optimal for cavitation at an absolute inlet pressure of 3x105 N/m2 with the use of methanol as fluid. The parameters studied in the computer simulation include velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, and vapor volume fraction. At the absolute inlet pressure of 3x105 N/m2, the maximum speed was 28.69 m/s, the minimum pressure was 12,266 N/m2, the maximum vapor volume fraction was 0.98, and the maximum turbulent kinetic energy was 12.75 m2/s2. The simulation results were compared with experiments conducted on a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor using orices C and D. Also, measurements of the velocity and pressure parameters showed that there were no significant deviations between the results of the computer simulation and the experiment