A comparative review of alternative fuels: Diesel-HHO and diesel-hydrogen via enrichment method in diesel engines application

The growing interest in alternative fuels as the main energy source has become a driving force in many countries as the diminishing fossil fuel has been used in major industrial sectors for economic stability and sustainability. The attention to the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source has been of interest due to its sustainability, greenness, and cleanliness as one of the energy sources. The combination of diesel and biodiesel fuel with hydrogen crafts a new pathway to achieve less dependency on fossil fuel and less carbon emissions from the application of hydrogen and HHO in diesel engine applications. A comparative analysis of diesel engines enhanced with HHO and hydrogen, focusing on performance, efficiency, and environmental impact in compression ignition (CI) engines through the enrichment method of the intake manifold, examining fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics to determine the viability and sustainability of alternative fuels in improving engine efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. The findings reveal that both HHO and hydrogen enrichment improves engine performance and fuel efficiency, with hydrogen showing a more significant reduction in harmful emissions like Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Hydrogen and HHO enrichment in diesel engines exhibit superior combustion characteristics, leading to cleaner and more efficient fuel utilization. The study concludes that while both HHO and hydrogen are viable for enhancing diesel engine performance, hydrogen offers greater potential for substantial emissions reductions. Thus, this comparison provides valuable insights for future research based on previous studies that have been done and development in sustainable diesel engine technologies, highlighting the importance of integrating greener solutions in the pursuit of environmental sustainability and efficiency in the automotive industry.