A Systematic Review of Geological Resource Containing Nickel : Resource, Distribution, Mining, Extraction and Advanced Material Synthesis

Nickel ore is the main source of nickel, an important metal used in many modern materials. This paper gives a brief overview of different aspects of nickel ore, such as its history, types, distribution, demand, and the technology used for mining and processing it. The two main types of nickel ore are nickel sulfide ore and laterite ore. Indonesia has significant nickel ore deposits, primarily in the form of laterite, due to its tropical climate with high temperatures and rainfall. Nickel is essential for making various important materials like stainless steel, special alloys, plating, and batteries. Laterite also contains other valuable elements like iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen, found in compounds such as goethite, nickel oxide, magnesium silicate, and quartz. Laterite ore can be processed to produce nickel matte, ferronickel, and nickel pig iron. The paper also discusses advanced materials made from laterite ore, including photocatalysts and batteries. Mining and processing activities have both positive and negative effects on local communities. To minimize negative impacts, it is important to consider the satisfaction of both the local community and the government in the initial planning of mining and processing projects.