A systematic review and meta-analysis extraction techniques to reach the optimum asiaticoside content from the edible plant of Centella asiatica

Asiaticoside is a promising compound of Centella asiatica. This review aims to investigate the effect of solid-liquid extraction techniques on asiaticoside yield. This research followed PRISMA guidelines. Of 361 studies identified, thirteen met inclusion criteria, and three were analyzed by meta-analysis. Qualitative findings showed that green extractions of ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and microwave-assisted (MAE) were more efficient than conventional extractions of maceration and heat-assisted (HAE). Solvent studies exhibited specific optimum solvents for each method, such as methanol for maceration and ethanol for HAE, UAE, and MAE. Meta-analysis generated findings that ethanol was more efficient than water for maceration (Zscore of 31.34) and HAE (Zscore of 27.32). HAE significantly increased the asiaticoside yield (Zscore of 17.89). There was no significant difference between UAE and MAE (P-value of 0.37). In conclusion, the optimum asiaticoside extraction is afforded by using ethanol at elevated temperatures. Moreover, MAE is a potential method requiring less extraction time.