Water resources potentials of Indonesian lakes, an ecohydrology approach

Indonesia has more than 500 lakes, some larger ones have beenexploited for hdropower generation, for fisheries, irrigation, domestic water suppl, transport, but many small and remote ones are still maintained and kept by nature. The origin or genesis of lakes greatly determine its physical properties hence its management style. Lakes may be grouped into tectonic, caldera, volcanic, fault related and com­ binations, by karstic or dissolved rocks, flood plain, or by subsidence in origin. Several lakes has been exploited without an adequate man­ agement plan such as Lakes Toba, Maninjau, Rawadanau, Tempe, Tondano, Limboto, and Sentani. Others are facing increasing pressure such as Lakes Keninci, Rana, Lindu, Poso, Matano, and Enarotali, Until recently limnological surveys on Indonesian lakes were exe­ cuted through sectors or discipline approach by different departments such as the public works, mining and energy, interior and health, and by R&D institutes such as LIPI and Biotrop. The results may be proper for each of their oun sectors but not for an integrated management plan.