Genotipe dan subtipe virus hepatitis B pada pendonor darah dengan hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positif di Jayapura, Provinsi Papua, Indonesia

Eight genotypes and nine subtypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been identified worldwide. Both HBV genotypes and subtypes differ with each other in geographical distribution, clinical as well as virological characteristics, and can also provide historical information on the migration pattern of the ancestor of local population. We carried out DNA extraction, amplification with polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of serum samples of Hepatitis B surface Antigen positiveblood donors in Jayapura, Papua Province, Indonesia. The 27 obtained nucleotide sequences were compared with HBV nucleotide sequences from international DNA data bank for genotype determination. HBV subtype were determined using analysis of amino acid substitutions at positions 122, 127, 134, 159, 160, and 177 in the S gene. Twenty-three (85.2%) of 27 isolates tested belonged to genotype C, 2 (7.4%) to genotype B, and 2 (7.4%) to genotype D. Subtype adr (85.2% of 27 isolates) was found to be the predominant HBV subtype, followed by adw2 (7.4%) and ayw2 (7.4%). All of subtype adr were included in genotype C, as all of adw2 in genotype B and ayw2 in genotype D. Thirteen (56.5%) of 23 isolates of subtype adr had no q determinant as those found from Melanesia and Polynesia. Interestingly, 10 (43.5%) others had q determinant as those found from Japan, Korea, and China. This study confirmed previous findings that Jayapura belonged to C/adr-zone. However, the identification of subtype adrq+ disclosed the fact that HBV C/adr in Jayapura related not only to HBV C/adr from Melanesia and Polynesia as assumed during the last several years. Based on phylogenetic analysis of part of the S gene, 20 (87.0%) of 23 isolates of HBV C/adr in this study belonged to a distinct cluster, which was separated from the Melanesian and Polynesian cluster, and from the Japanese, Korean and Chinese cluster.