DESAIN KONSEPTUAL SISTEM REAKTOR DAYA MAJU KOGENERASI BERBASIS RGTT

ABSTRAK
DESAIN KONSEPTUAL SISTEM REAKTOR DAYA MAJU KOGENERASI BERBASIS RGTT.
Pemerintah telah menetapkan kebijakan pemanfaatan energi nuklir secara nasional di masa mendatang.
Kebutuhan energi nuklir di luar Pulau Jawa akan mengarah kepada sistem pemasok energi nuklir serba guna
dengan sistem kogenerasi yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Di antara reaktor Generasi IV, reaktor
berpendingin gas temperatur tinggi (RGTT) adalah reaktor yang kinerja dan ketersediaan teknologinya
memungkinkan untuk diimplementasikan di Indonesia dalam waktu sepuluh tahun ke depan. Dalam makalah
ini diuraikan analisis desain sistem RGTT kogenerasi untuk produksi hidrogen, pembangkitan listrik dan
desalinasi dalam rangka mengantisipasi kebutuhan sistem energi nuklir di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan
dengan pemodelan proses termodinamika sistem, melalui pendekatan metode volume kendali. Semua
komponen sistem, meliputi reaktor, intermediate heat exchanger, turbin, kompresor, rekuperator, unit
produksi hidrogen dan unit desalinasi dimodelkan secara termodinamika sebagai suatu volume kendali
dengan model yang mendekati riil melalui suatu pendekatan secara realistis. Untuk keperluan desain
konseptual, pemodelan aliran pendingin dalam sistem perpipaan dapat diabaikan. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh
desain konseptual sistem reaktor daya kogenerasi berbasis RGTT yang diberi nama RGTT200K dengan
distribusi peruntukan daya adalah, daya listrik 57,6 MW, daya termal untuk produksi hidrogen dan desalinasi
59,5 MW dan 81,9 MW. RGTT200K dari hasil desain konseptual ini mempunyai efisiensi termal 29% dan
faktor utilisasi energi 63,05%.
Kata Kunci: Sistem Energi Nuklir (SEN), Reaktor Berpendingin Gas, Reaktor Gas Temperatur Tinggi
(RGTT), High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), Sistem Kogenerasi, Produksi
Hidrogen, Desalinasi
ABSTRACT
CONSEPTUAL DESIGN OF ADVANCED COGENERATION NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEM BASED
ON THE HTGR. The government of Indonesia has decided to take benefit from the utilization of nuclear
energy in near future. The nuclear energy demand outside of Java Island tends to the multipurpose nuclear
energy supply with cogeneration system that would perform more efficient and environmental friendly.
Among the generation-IV conceptual designs, the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) is known as a
reactor with good performance for cogeneration and well-supported by ready-technology. Therefore it is
potential to be deployed in Indonesia within the next decade. This paper describes a design analysis of the
cogeneration VHTR for hydrogen production, electricity generation and desalination as the anticipation for
the nuclear energy system demand in Indonesia. Analysis was carried out by modeling the thermodynamics
processes of the system using the control volume method approximation. All components of the system,
consist of reactor, intermediate heat exchanger, turbine, compressor, recuperator, hydrogen production unit,
and desalination unit were modeled with the quite real model through the realistic approach. For the
conceptual design stage, the fluid flow modeling in the pipe system not necessary to be modeled, so that
ignored in the analysis. The analysis resulted a conceptual design of the VHTR based cogeneration reactor,
named as RGTT200K, with cogeneration power distribution is 57.6 MWe for electricity, 59.5 MWt and 81.9
MWt subsequently for hydrogen production and desalination. The conceptually designed RGTT200K has
thermal efficiency of 29% and energy utilization factor of 63.05%.
Keywords: Nuclear Energy System (NES), Gas Cooled Reactor, Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR),
Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), Cogeneration System, Desalination