Differences in mediterranean diet adherence on bmi, waist circumference, fat percentage, muscle mass in obesity

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that occurs when there is an abnormal accumulation of body fat due to an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The prevalence of Riset Kesehatan Dasar in 2018 showed that 21.8% of the Indonesian population over 18 years is obese. One of the diets recommended by European Association for the Study of Obesity Community for obesity is the Mediterranean diet. This study aims to determine the difference of adherence level in the Mediterranean diet to nutritional status, and muscle mass in obese patients. The method used in this study is analytic observational with prospective cohort observations. Subjects in this study were 37 obese patients who were monitored for diet four times in one month with food frequency questionnaire and checked for BMI, waistcircumference, body fat percentage, and muscle mass at the end of the month. BMI and body fat percentage were analyzed using the Anova test while waist circumference and muscle mass data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test. The level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to significantly affect BMI (p=0.008), waist circumference (p=0.042), body fat percentage (p=0.014), and muscle mass (p=0.009) in obese patients. This associated with the composition of Mediterranean diet which affects increase in thermogenesis, fat oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and increases satiety for a longer period. The results of this study support the hypothesis that there is the difference of adherence to the Mediterranean diet to nutritional status and muscle mass in obese patients.