Multitemporal Analysis for Trophic State Mapping in Batur Lake at Bali Province Based on High-Resolution Planetscope Imagery

Remote sensing data for analyzing and evaluating trophic state ecosystem problems seen in Batur Lake is an approach that is suitable for water parameters that cannot be observed terrestrially. As the multitemporal spatial data used in this study were extensive, it was necessary to consider the effectiveness and efficiency of the processing and analysis, therefore R Studio was used as a data processing tool. The research aims to (1) map the trophic state of Batur Lake multitemporally using PlanetScope Imagery ; (2) assess the accuracy of the trophic state model and apply it to another temporal data as a Spatial Big Data; and (3) understand the trophic state impact on the water quality of Batur Lake based on physical factors and the lake’s chemical concentration (sulfur concentration). The research shows that the trophic state of Batur Lake is in good condition, with an ultraoligotrophic state as the majority class, based on the mean Trophic State Index (TSI) value of 9.49. The standard errors of each trophic state parameter were 0.010 for total phosphor, 0.609 for chlorophyll-a, and 0.225 for Secchi Disk Transparency (SDT). The multitemporal model demonstrates that the correlation between the increase of trophic state and mass fish death cases in Batur Lake is existent