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Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism

, Volume 28, Issue 9, pp 2855–2863 | Cite as

Nanoscale Clustering and Magnetic Properties of Mn x Fe3−x O4 Particles Prepared from Natural Magnetite

  • Ahmad Taufiq
  • Sunaryono
  • Edy Giri Rachman Putra
  • Atsushi Okazawa
  • Isao Watanabe
  • Norimichi Kojima
  • Suminar Pratapa
  • Darminto
Original Paper
First Online:

Abstract

A series of Mn x Fe3−x O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoparticles was successfully synthesized via a simple coprecipitation method. The starting material was a natural magnetite purified from local iron sand. Crystallite nanoparticles were produced by drying without using a high calcination temperature. Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffractometry (XRD) data for all samples demonstrated that the Mn ions partially substituted the Fe ions in the spinel cubic structure of the Fe3O4 to form Mn x Fe3−x O4 phases. We applied two lognormal spherical and single mass fractal models to the analysis of the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data and revealed that the primary Mn x Fe3−x O4 particles ranged in size from 1.5 to 3.8 nm and formed three-dimensional clusters as secondary structures. The samples displayed superparamagnetic behavior, having the saturation magnetization which was most likely influenced by the competing contribution from Mn, the sizes of the primary particles, and their clusters. Further analysis revealed that the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled curves of the Mn x Fe3−x O4 nanoclusters exhibited a superparamagnetic phenomenon with the lowest magnetic blocking temperature approximately 145 K.

Keywords

Nanoclusters MnxFe3−xO4 Coprecipitation Saturation magnetization Blocking temperature Natural magnetite 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Mauro Porcu for the HRTEM characterization and the University of Tokyo, the RIKEN Nishina Center Japan, and the Neutron Scattering Laboratory at BATAN Serpong for the use of their characterization facilities. This research was partially supported by the BPPS and PKPI Programs from the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia (A.T. and S.), “Penelitian Disertasi Doktor” (A.T.), and also “Hibah Kompetensi” of DP2M, Ditjen DIKTI, 2013-2015 (D.).

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ahmad Taufiq
    • 1
    • 2
  • Sunaryono
    • 1
    • 2
  • Edy Giri Rachman Putra
    • 3
  • Atsushi Okazawa
    • 4
  • Isao Watanabe
    • 5
  • Norimichi Kojima
    • 4
  • Suminar Pratapa
    • 1
  • Darminto
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS)SurabayaIndonesia
  2. 2.Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesState University of Malang (UM)MalangIndonesia
  3. 3.Center for Science and Technology of Advanced MaterialsNational Nuclear Agency of Indonesia (BATAN)TangerangIndonesia
  4. 4.Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
  5. 5.Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, Nishina CenterRIKENSaitamaJapan

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