Citrus Tree Nutrient Deficiency Classification: A Comparative Study of ANN and SVM Using Colour-Texture Features in Leaf Images

Nutrient deficiency in Citrus reticulata (mandarin orange) plants is a critical agricultural issue that has far-reaching implications. Such deficiencies not only compromise the overall health and vigor of the mandarin orange trees but also render them more susceptible to diseases and pest infestations. Addressing this concern is of principal importance to ensure sustainable citrus cultivation and enhance crop yield. In this research, we propose a comprehensive approach to tackle the pervasive problem of nutrient deficiencies in Citrus Reticulata var. Fremont leaves. Our approach leverages cutting-edge techniques in image processing and machine learning to provide accurate and efficient detection of these deficiencies. The image data is divided into four classes: N Deficiency, P Deficiency, K Deficiency and Normal. The file sizes are compressed using a lossless compression method, resulting in an average file size reduction of 96.99%. The second stage involves applying segmentation processes to the images using the Canny and Sauvola methods.Third stage involves extracting colour and texture features from the images. The feature values will be used for the classification process in the next stage. The segmentation process employs two methods, namely Canny and Sauvola, which effectively separate the leaves from the background. The detection process is evident in the feature extraction phase, which utilizes two features: colour and texture.The fourth stage involves the classification process based on the segmentation results methods, performed separately using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. These process results in four datasets: Canny-ANN, Canny-SVM, Sauvola-ANN, and Sauvola-SVM. The highest accuracy is achieved by the Sauvola-ANN method, with a value of 93.75%.