Characterization and Treatment Methods of Hazardous Compounds in Batik Wastewater: A Review

Indonesian batik industry is well-known for its cultural and economic significance, it also poses environmental challenges due to the production of wastewater filled with synthetic dyes, wax, and, heavy metals. These hazardous compounds not only contribute to the non-biodegradability and complexity of batik wastewater, but also enhance the health and environmental risks associated with its disposal. Among the various treatment methods, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven to be the most effective. These methods are highly effective due to their ability to generate reactive species that can degrade complex organic pollutants and heavy metals. Biological treatments, including microbial degradation and phytoremediation, are also significant due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. This study focus on the hazardous compounds that characterize batik wastewater, as well as the potential treatment strategies. Understanding the complexities of the hazardous compounds in batik wastewater provides insight into the complexities of its treatment and processing. This review hopes to serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners aiming to promote environmental sustainability in the batik industry.