China-style tourism in Indonesia: prospects for people-to-people bonds

This article explores the geo-economic implications of China’s mass tourism strategy in Indonesia, particularly in Bali and Manado, since 2017. The interplay between China’s economic and political interests and Indonesia’s tourism development is evident. However, the unique China-style tourism approach, guided by non-resident local actors as cultural brokers, raises concerns about cultural mismatch. Our central argument emphasizes the crucial role of ‘people-to-people bonds’ in building meaningful connections between Chinese tourists and local actors in frequented areas. Fieldwork in Bali and Manado reveals that neglecting genuine affinity in people-to-people connectivity can create a diplomatic gap, potentially leading to negative responses from the Indonesian populace over time. The article highlights the need for a nuanced and culturally sensitive approach to mass tourism to ensure the sustainability of the China–Indonesia tourism partnership. While economic and political advantages are evident, overlooking the importance of authentic connections risks straining diplomatic relations and jeopardizing the long-term success of tourism initiatives. Prioritizing people-to-people exchange is a crucial factor in bridging cultural gaps and fostering a positive relationship between Chinese tourists and the Indonesian population