Green synthesis of MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles using Elaeis guineensis Jacq. leaves and empty fruit bunches extract and its radiolabeling with 99m Tc as a potential agent for dual-modality imaging SPECT/MRI

Abstract This study aimed to develop a novel material for dual-modality SPECT/MRI. MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a green method using Elaeis guineensis Jacq. extracts (leaf extract – ELE and empty fruit bunches extract – EFBE) at an optimal calcination temperature of 400 °C. Characterization by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, TGA, and VSM revealed NPs with an average size of 28.6 ± 9.6 nm and a magnetization value of 38.2 emu/g. The optimal conjugation with human serum albumin (HSA) was achieved at a 1:1 ratio, yielding approximately 0.388 ± 0.049 mg per mg of HSA. Radiolabeling of [ 99m Tc]Tc-HSA-MnFe 2 O 4 NPs was characterized using HPLC and TLC to assess impurities, demonstrating radiochemical purity exceeding 99 % across various media, including PBS, saline, water and human serum. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the biological profiles using in vitro and in vivo assays.