Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Pterolobium hexapetalum (roth) santapau & wagh leaves extract and their biological applications

Plants produce several secondary metabolites, which have a variety of therapeutic applications. In this study, green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) utilized Pterolobium hexapetalum aqueous leaf extract (Ph-ALE). The UV, XRD, IR, FE-SEM-EDAX, and HR-TEM with SAED patterns were characterized by Ph-FeO-NPs. In UV–visible spectra, Ph-FeO-NPs had an absorbance peak at 290 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed their crystalline nature of Ph-FeO-NPs. The FT-IR spectrum of the synthesized Ph-FeO-NPs revealed the presence of various functional groups such as, Alcohols & Phenols, Aldehyde, Alkene, Carboxylic acids, Chloride and Bromide & Iodide. The FE-SEM and HR-TEM image of Ph-FeO-NPs shows a spherical shape with a size ranging from 20 to 28 nm. The EDaX study displayed the presence of Fe signals of Ph-FeO-NPs. Further, the green synthesized Ph-FeO-NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with the maximum zone of inhibition was noticed in S. typhi at 50 μg. The antioxidant study of the synthesized Ph-FeO-NPs displayed remarkable activity against DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assays with an IC50 value of 134.42; 367.39 μg/mL respectively. In moreover, the synthesized Ph-FeO-NPs exhibited strong anticancer activity against the A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 54.32 μg/mL. In addition, the synthesized Ph-FeO-NPs demonstrated potential larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae with an LC50 & LC90 values of 2.437; 10.639 mg/mL, respectively. As a result, the synthesized Ph-FeO-NPs displayed exceptional clinical performance and serve as a source of medication as well as a platform for the development of novel drugs.