Integrated adsorption-phytoremediation as facile and low-cost method for recovery of valuable minerals from mining waste

Mining activities are widely recognized for their adverse environmental impacts; however, mining waste contains valuable elements such as Rare Earth Elements, lithium, cobalt, graphite, indium, gallium, tantalum, and Platinum Group Metals. Conventional recovery methods, including pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, while effective, are characterized by high costs, intensive energy demands, and environmental risks. This study introduces the first integrated approach combining phytoremediation and adsorption techniques to enhance the recovery of valuable elements from mining waste. Rooted in the principles of the circular economy and zero-waste utilization, this approach presents a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative. The paper critically examines the opportunities and challenges associated with this method and provides strategic recommendations for its optimization. By addressing the existing gaps in economically viable and sustainable recovery technologies, this study contributes significant insights for academia, industry, and policymakers, advocating for the adoption of sustainable practices in the mining sector through supportive regulatory frameworks.