Life cycle assessment of CO<SUB align="right">2 emissions with Malmquist index to measure efficiency of energy supply technologies alternatives in bauxite mining in Province of West Kalimantan, Indonesia

This paper examines the usefulness of the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to CO2 emission for integrating sustainability criteria into the decision-making process of energy supply technologies alternatives in the aluminium industry in West Kalimantan Province. The purpose of this research is to examine the environmental impact of biodiesel-powered excavation and loading equipment and vehicles operating on the haul road, as well as the energy strategy for producing marketable washed bauxite and the resulting unwanted waste. The Malmquist index is currently being developed with time-series data from 2018-2020 to analyse a variety of energy supply technologies alternatives. This study considered the cradle-to-gate system to measure LCA of CO2 of a finite set of energy supply technologies alternatives. This study, which used SimaPro software faculty version 9.1.1.1 to assess CO2 emission impact directly related to the type and amount of energy consumed by the mining, showed that construction infrastructure, land clearing, and tailings storage facility maintenance all contribute to increased greenhouse emissions. The Malmquist index study, which used Banxia software to calculate an efficiency score for energy supply technologies in bauxite mining, indicates that hydropower is the best option.