Exploration of the distribution features of lithium potential in surface water and rocks around Bangka Island, Indonesia, for renewable energy

Lithium is an important component in the supply chain of vital technological industries. Therefore, it is critical to accurately analyze lithium's ability to fulfill demand for lithium consumption. The concentration of lithium in rivers, lakes, and seawater on Bangka Island was examined using ICP-OES. XRD and SEM-EDX were used to confirm the carrier minerals and rock morphology around the waters. The seawater showed the highest lithium level, averaging 0.28 ppm. Other essential elements, including boron and cobalt, had average levels of 2.90 ppm and 0.93 ppm, respectively. The results can be used to improve the effectiveness of initial exploration surveys.