Key Factors of Sustainable Mariculture Enterprises in Indonesia: Finfish Mariculture Cases From Stakeholder Perspective

Mariculture is a profitable industry in Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia in general. The annual outputs of Indonesia's mariculture have been ranked among the tops worldwide. However, unsustainable issues are the main challenges to developing mariculture enterprises in Indonesia. This paper describes potential factors for realising sustainable mariculture enterprises. It then proposes the potential key factors sought by stakeholders in mariculture industries, including those involved in the input, production, and marketing stages, as well as experts (academics, researchers, and policymakers). To determine the key factors of sustainability, some gradual processes were conducted: (1) self-validation; (2) scientific validation; and (3) social validation. A total of 141 respondents (the stakeholders) were involved in this study. A principal component analysis was used to identify the critical key factors within the scales used. The Matrix of Crossed Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) was used to map the key factors and their relationships. This paper identifies and proposes key factors as references for policy formulation and decision-making to improve mariculture management. Further, influence, relationship, and dependence among the key factors and societal implications of this study are discussed.