Anxiety and its risk factors among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing COVID-19 situation: A cross-sectional survey

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Luu, Mai Ngoc and Imoto, Atsuko and Matsuo, Yoshimi and Huy, Nguyen Tien and Qarawi, Ahmad and Alhady, Shamael Thabit Mohammed and Truong, Le Van and Yoshino, Ryuji and Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh and Tabei, Kozue and Lu, Yixiao and Singh, Manmeet Kaur and Truong, Mai Phuong and Dumre, Shyam Prakash and Rocha, Ian Christopher Naungayan and Hung, I-Chun and Fudo, Akane and Sato, Miho and Kansakar, Sajog and Tsukamoto, Akiko and Komatsu, Aiko and Cai, Guoxi and Moji, Kazuhiko and Khongyot, Thanawat and Mogan, Saruveish and Soukdavone, Souksavath and Hartuti, Endah Dwi and Thidatheb, Kounnavong and Honda, Shiho and Woo, Hyunjae and Lama, Nitu and Huynh, Vy Thi Nhat and Khoa, Huynh Le Anh and Abbas, Kirellos Said and Monib, Fatma A. and Omran, Hoda Aly Mohamed and Rezq, Chiristine Samuel and Qatora, Mostafa Shehata and Jia Ng, Sze and Morena, Graca Jaqueline Vanessa and Miranda, Adriana Viola and Ngo Huynh, Minh-Trang and Ota, Junko and Minjung, Kim and An, Jaemin and Vorlasane, Latdavanh and Gunasegaran, Kesshinee and Zulkefli, Fazureen and Lima Girón, Belen de Jesús and Bhattachan, Punita Gauchan and Dumre, Renu Bhandari and Pandey, Kishor and Yamashita, Sarina and Seposo, Aden Kay Celis and Zabala, Jayson and Riva-Moscoso, Adrián and Ordóñez, Joyce Nicole Pineda and Uitrakul, Suriyon and Principe-Meneses, Fortunato S. and Dila, Kadek Agus Surya (2024) Anxiety and its risk factors among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing COVID-19 situation: A cross-sectional survey. PLOS ONE, 19 (3). e0280144. ISSN 1932-6203

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280144

Abstract

Introduction In the context of collective efforts taken in Japan to control the spread of COVID-19, the state of emergency and social distancing have caused a negative impact on the mental health of all residents, including foreign communities in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the level of anxiety and its associated factors among non-Japanese residents residing in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A web-based survey in 13 languages was conducted among non-Japanese residents living in Japan during the COVID-19 situation. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory assessed the level of anxiety–State (STAI-S) scores prorated from its six-item version. The multivariable logistic regression using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) method was performed to identify the associated factors of anxiety among participants. Results From January to March 2021, we collected 392 responses. A total of 357 valid responses were analyzed. 54.6% of participants suffered from clinically significant anxiety (CSA). In multivariable logistic model analysis, the CSA status or the high level of anxiety was associated with three factors, including having troubles/difficulties in learning or working, decreased sleep duration, and decreased overall physical health (p Conclusion Our study suggests several possible risk factors of anxiety among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing the COVID-19 pandemic, including the troubles or difficulties in learning or working, the decrease in sleep duration, and the decrease in overall physical health.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Anxiety; Biology; Clinical psychology; Context (archaeology); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Cross-sectional study; Demography; Disease; Gerontology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Internal medicine; Logistic regression; Medicine; Mental health; Paleontology; Pandemic; Pathology; Psychiatry; Psychology; Sociology
Subjects:	Medicine & Biology Social and Political Sciences
Depositing User:	Rizzal Rosiyan
Date Deposited:	18 Jun 2026 20:00
Last Modified:	18 Jun 2026 20:00
URI:	https://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/59034

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