Evaluating the Environmental Impacts at the End Point Level of the Biodiesel Production Process from Multiple Feedstocks in Indonesia Through Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

The production of biodiesel from multiple feedstocks, which is now conducted on a laboratory scale, has the potential to be scaled up to an industrial level in the future. Consequently, it is essential to evaluate the environmental effect of multi-feedstock biodiesel production. This study compares the environmental performance at the end-point level of simulated multi-feedstock biodiesel production with that actual biodiesel production from palm oil in Indonesia. In general, multi-feedstock biodiesel production has a greater effect on the environment during the planting stage than palm oil biodiesel production. Human health, ecological diversity, and resource availability are caused by plantation activities, namely the use of fertilisers. Multiple crop cultivation is more detrimental to the environment than oil palm cultivation alone since it needs more fertiliser. The amount of available resources for multi-feedstock biodiesel is 126 $. It is more than the palm oil biodiesel alone, which was 79.7 $. It is not recommended to produce multi-feedstock biodiesel from soybean, canola, or sunflower since it causes more environmental damage than biodiesel produced from palm oil.