Bioactivity of the Ethanol Extract of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as Antitoxin

Toxic compounds can induce the formation of free radicals (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) which can trigger damage anddecrease cell viability. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains phenolic compounds that are useful as antioxidants which canreduce ROS toxicity. However, little is known about the antitoxin activity of clove extract. Therefore, this study is aimed atdetermining the effect of ethanolic clove extract as an antitoxin agent against malachite green (MG) mutagen using the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. The methods used to analyze the ability of ethanolic clove extract as antitoxin weredecolorization assay and cell viability test towards MG. The phenol contents of leaf and bud extract were 441.28 and 394.73 mgGAE g-1 extract, respectively. Clove leaf extract has strong antioxidant activity in vitro (IC50 9.29 ppm for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 29.57 for 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)). Liquid chromatographyquadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed the presence of 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and several otherbioactive compounds, in which these compounds had bioactivity against toxic compound. The addition of extract reduced theability of S. cerevisiae to decolorize malachite green but increased cell viability. Based on the data, clove leaf extract shows thepotential antitoxin activity. This research should facilitate a preliminary study to investigate the antitoxin agent derived fromcloves leaf extract. Further research to analyze the antitoxin mechanism of this extract in yeast model is interesting to do toprovide a comprehensive insight into the potential antitoxin agents of clove leaf extract