PENGGAMBARAN ARSITEKTUR BERKONSTRUKSI KAYU ABAD KE-9–10 MASEHI PADA RELIEF KARMAWIBHANGGA CANDI BOROBUDUR
Abstract
Abstrak. Masyarakat Jawa Kuna pada abad ke-9-10 Masehi adalah masyarakat kerajaan denganpengaruh Hindhu-Buddha pada kehidupan sehari-harinya. Hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan
masyarakat terpengaruh oleh budaya Hindhu-Buddha dari India. Hal ini dapat terlihat jelas pada
karya arsitekturnya yang monumental, di antaranya berupa percandian. Dalam kaitannya dengan
ilmu arkeologi, candi atau kompleks percandian adalah hasil karya arsitektural yang memiliki
peran penting dalam merekonstruksi kehidupan manusia pada masa lalu. Relief yang dipahatkan
pada dinding atau bidang candi menyimpan banyak informasi. Informasi tersebut merepresentasikan
kehidupan pada saat candi tersebut difungsikan oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Hal ini dapat
diketahui pada pahatan relief di Candi Borobudur, khususnya pada relief Karmawibhangga. Dilihat
dari tema ceritanya, relief Karmawibhangga pada kaki Candi Borobudur banyak memberi
keterangan mengenai kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Jawa Kuna abad ke-9-10 Masehi. Tulisan
ini membahas beberapa relief yang menggambarkan arsitektur bangunan berkonstruksi kayu,
baik sakral maupun profan. Jadi, berdasarkan data relief Candi Borobudur, kita dapat mengetahui
tipe bangunan konstruksi kayu yang didirikan pada abad ke-9-10 Masehi di Jawa Tengah.
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