SITUS-SITUS PEMUKIMAN TEPIAN SUNGAI DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Abstract
Abstrak. Kalimantan dan sungainya tidak bisa dipisahkan. Sungai besar dan kecil mengalir saling-silang dari arahhulu ke hilir. Salah satu sungai besar yang membelah kota-kota di Kalimantan Selatan adalah Sungai Barito. Sungai
Barito memiliki banyak anak sungai yang mengalir di seluruh penjuru propinsi yang paling kecil di Pulau Kalimantan.
Dari aliran Sungai Barito inilah muncul peradaban manusia. Keberadaan sungai tidak hanya menjadi sumber
kehidupan masyarakat, tetapi lewat sungai jugalah kebudayaan di wilayah ini menyebar. Oleh karena itu, tidaklah
mengherankan apabila sisa-sisa peradaban manusia dari setiap periode kehidupan masa lalu banyak dijumpai di
sepanjang tepian sungai. Sejumlah penelitian sisa pemukiman kuna di tepian sungai telah dilakukan oleh Balai
Arkeologi Banjarmasin sejak 1994 hingga saat ini. Hasil penelitiannya memberikan informasi bahwa sejak masa
prasejarah sampai masa kini, masyarakat di Kalimantan Selatan ini tetap memanfaatkan tepian sungai sebagai
tempat tinggal dan tempat beraktivitas sehari-hari. Tulisan ini mengkaji kembali hasil penelitian yang diperoleh
selama ini agar dapat memahami permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam melakukan penelitian
pemukiman. Hasil pengkajian kembali tersebut ditujukan untuk membangun strategi penelitian yang lebih baik, agar
hasil penelitian pemukiman di masa mendatang lebih berbobot dalam upaya merekonstruksi sejarah kebudayaan
hunian manusia masa lampau, terutama di wilayah Kalimantan Selatan.
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