ARTEFAK NEOLITIK DI PULAU WEH: BUKTI KEBERADAAN AUSTRONESIA PRASEJARAH DI INDONESIA BAGIAN BARAT
Abstract
Abstrak. Hinga kini peninggalan artefak masa neolitik di Indonesia bagian barat sangat sulit ditemukan, sehinggasejumlah ahli arkeologi meragukan adanya aktivitas pendukung budaya Austronesia di kawasan ini. Namun, kapak
batu yang ditemukan di situs Loyang Mendale dan Loyang Ujung Karang menunjukkan karakteristik morfologis dan
teknologi alat batu neolitik. Berdasarkan jenisnya yang berupa kapak lonjong, kapak persegi dan belincung
menunjukkan aktivitas kebudayaan prasejarah Austronesia pernah berlangsung di Pulau Weh. Fakta tersebut
menguatkan asumsi adanya migrasi masyarakat pendukung budaya Austronesia ke Pulau Weh. Oleh karena
masih terbatasnya data pembabakan kronologis prasejarah di Pulau Weh, maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan
membandingkan karakteristik kapak batu yang ditemukan di kawasan Indonesia bagian barat lainnya. Hasil kajian
ini menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Weh memiliki posisi geografis strategis yang potential sebagai daerah kunjungan dan
lingkungan yang menguntungkan untuk lokasi pemukiman. Di lain pihak, kapak batu Pulau Weh menunjukkan
karakteristik yang khas berupa perkawinan morfologi dan teknologi antara kapak lonjong dan kapak persegi.
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