KERANGKA MANUSIA DARI SITUS GUA JAUHARLIN 1, KOTA BARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN [THE HUMAN SKELETON FROM GUA JAUHARLIN 1, KOTA BARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN]
Abstract
Penelitian di situs Gua Jauharlin 1 telah dilakukan selama dua tahun, pada 2018 dan 2019. Pada tahun kedua diperoleh temuan kerangka manusia. Kondisinya hampir lengkap, tanpa bagian kaki, dan diberi kode GJL 1.1. Akan tetapi, di dekat cranium GJL 1.1, ditemukan sepasang tulang kaki manusia yang diduga milik individu GJL 1.1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan identitas rangka GJL 1.1 berkaitan dengan data individu dan analisis konteks kuburnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis makroskopis untuk data individu GJL 1.1, serta pendekatan arkeotanatologi untuk analisis konteks kuburnya. Analisis makroskopis menghasilkan informasi profil biologis GJL 1.11, yang mengindikasikan individu berjenis kelamin laki-laki, umur 26,9-42,5 tahun, tinggi badan 155,1 cm–165 cm, dan memiliki afiliasi dengan populasi Asia. Aktivitas mengunyah sirih pinang terindikasi berdasarkan fitur warna kuning kecoklatan pada permukaan labial dan buccal gigi individu GJL 1.1. Hasil analisis arkeotanatologi menunjukkan arsitektur kubur peletakan-penimbunan mayat GJL 1.1, serta tipe kubur yang bersifat primer. Hasil uji short tandem repeat combined deoxyribonucleic acid index system (STR CODIS) dengan menggunakan sampel dari sepasang tulang kaki dan rangka GJL 1.1, menunjukkan bahwa keduanya adalah individu yang berbeda.
The two-season researches in Gua Jauharlin 1 site were carried out in 2018 and 2019. A human skeleton, sans its lower limbs, was discovered during the second season of excavation and coded GJL 1.1. However, a pair of human leg bones were found close to the cranium of GJL 1.1, which was suggested to belong to the individual of GJL 1.1. The research objective was to determine the identity of the GJL 1.1 in association with its individual attribute and the analysis of its burial context. This study uses a macroscopic analysis method to obtain individual data of GJL 1.1, as well as an archeothanatology approach to analyse the burial context. The macroscopic analysis yielded information on the biological profile of GJL 1.11 suggesting the individual is male, aged 26.9-42.5 years, height 155.1-165 cm, and has an affiliation with the Asian population. The brownish-yellow stain on the labial and buccal surface of human teeth of GJL 1.1 indicate betel nut chewing. The result of archeothanatological analysis suggests the architecture of the burial of GJL 1.1 with regard to laying-covering corpses and a primary burial. The results of the short tandem repeat combined deoxyribonucleic acid index system (STR CODIS) test, using samples from a pair of leg bones and the GJL 1.1 skeleton, indicate that the two came from different individuals.
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