Advertisement

Feasibility of A-mode ultrasound attenuation as a monitoring method of local hyperthermia treatment

  • Noraida Abd Manaf
  • Maizatul Nadwa Che Aziz
  • Dzulfadhli Saffuan Ridzuan
  • Maheza Irna Mohamad Salim
  • Asnida Abd Wahab
  • Khin Wee Lai
  • Yan Chai Hum
Original Article
First Online:

Abstract

Recently, there is an increasing interest in the use of local hyperthermia treatment for a variety of clinical applications. The desired therapeutic outcome in local hyperthermia treatment is achieved by raising the local temperature to surpass the tissue coagulation threshold, resulting in tissue necrosis. In oncology, local hyperthermia is used as an effective way to destroy cancerous tissues and is said to have the potential to replace conventional treatment regime like surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, the inability to closely monitor temperature elevations from hyperthermia treatment in real time with high accuracy continues to limit its clinical applicability. Local hyperthermia treatment requires real-time monitoring system to observe the progression of the destroyed tissue during and after the treatment. Ultrasound is one of the modalities that have great potential for local hyperthermia monitoring, as it is non-ionizing, convenient and has relatively simple signal processing requirement compared to magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. In a two-dimensional ultrasound imaging system, changes in tissue microstructure during local hyperthermia treatment are observed in terms of pixel value analysis extracted from the ultrasound image itself. Although 2D ultrasound has shown to be the most widely used system for monitoring hyperthermia in ultrasound imaging family, 1D ultrasound on the other hand could offer a real-time monitoring and the method enables quantitative measurement to be conducted faster and with simpler measurement instrument. Therefore, this paper proposes a new local hyperthermia monitoring method that is based on one-dimensional ultrasound. Specifically, the study investigates the effect of ultrasound attenuation in normal and pathological breast tissue when the temperature in tissue is varied between 37 and 65 °C during local hyperthermia treatment. Besides that, the total protein content measurement was also conducted to investigate the relationship between attenuation and tissue denaturation level at different temperature ranges. The tissues were grouped according to their histology results, namely normal tissue with large predominance of cells (NPC), cancer tissue with large predominance of cells (CPC) and cancer with high collagen fiber content (CHF). The result shows that the attenuation coefficient of ultrasound measured following the local hyperthermia treatment increases with the increment of collagen fiber content in tissue as the CHF attenuated ultrasound at the highest rate, followed by NPC and CPC. Additionally, the attenuation increment is more pronounced at the temperature over 55 °C. This describes that the ultrasound wave experienced more energy loss when it propagates through a heated tissue as the tissue structure changes due to protein coagulation effect. Additionally, a significant increase in the sensitivity of attenuation to protein denaturation is also observed with the highest sensitivity obtained in monitoring NPC. Overall, it is concluded that one-dimensional ultrasound can be used as a monitoring method of local hyperthermia since its attenuation is very sensitive to the changes in tissue microstructure during hyperthermia.

Keywords

Local hyperthermia Monitoring One-dimensional ultrasound Total protein 

Abbreviations

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

CT

Computed tomography

NPC

Normal tissue with large predominance of cells

CPC

Cancer tissue with large predominance of cells

CHF

Cancer tissue with high collagen fiber content

HIFU

High-intensity focused ultrasound

1D

One-dimensional

2D

Two-dimensional

3D

Three-dimensional

SOS

Sound of speed

BSC

Backscatter of coefficient

ARFI

Acoustic radiation force impulse

ROI

Region of interest

SSI

Supersonic shear imaging

ESD

Effective scatterer diameter

EAC

Effective acoustic concentration

PRF

Pulse repetition frequency

UKMAEC

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Animal Ethics Committee

DMBA

7,12-Dimethylbenz(α)anthracene

CSV

Comma-separated values

MATLAB

Matrix laboratory

FFT

Fast Fourier transform

dB

Decibel

SEM

Standard of error mean

SPSS

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

ANOVA

One-way analysis of variance

ECM

Excessive extracellular matrix

PSD

Power spectrum density

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

HER2

Uman epidermal growth factor receptor 2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express gratitude to the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia for granting the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Vot 4F274 entitled “Investigation of One Dimensional Ultrasound Sensitivity as a Monitoring Method of Minimally Invasive Thermal Therapy” and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for the Institutional Research Grants Vot 07J20.

References

  1. 1.
    Abolohassani M, Alirezaie J, Norouzi A (2007) Study of fast temperature estimation during hyperthermia using ultrasound digital images. Signal Process Appl. doi: 10.1109/ISSPA.2007.4555422 Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Anagnostopoulos I, Maglogiannis I (2006) Neural network-based diagnostic and prognostic estimations in breast cancer microscopic instances. Med Biol Eng Comput 44(9):773–784. doi: 10.1007/s11517-006-0079-4 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Arthur RM, Straube WL, Starman JD, Moros EG (2003) Noninvasive temperature estimation based on the energy of backscattered ultrasound. Med Phys 30:1021–1029CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Arthur RM, Basu D, Guo Y, Trobaugh JW, Moros EG (2010) 3D in vitro estimation of temperature using the change in backscattered ultrasonic energy. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1611 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Bailey MR, Khokhlova VA, Sapozhnikov OA, Kargl SG, Crum LA (2003) Physical mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ultrasound (a review). Acoust Phys 49(4):369–388. doi: 10.1134/1.1591291 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Bazan I, Vazquez M, Ramos A, Vera A, Leija L (2009) A performance analysis of echographic ultrasonic technique for non-invasive temperature estimation in hyperthermia range using phantoms with scatters. Ultrasonics 49:358–376CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Bercoff J, Tanter M, Fink M (2004) Sonic boom in soft materials: the elastic Cerenkov effect. Appl Phys Lett 84:2202–2204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Bolomey JC, LeBihan D, Mizushina S (1995) Recent trends in noninvasive thermal control. In: Seegenschmiedt MH, Fessenden P, Vernon CC (eds) Principles and practice of thermoradiotherapy and thermochemotherapy. Recent trends in noninvasive thermal control thermo-radiotherapy and thermo-chemotherapy, vol 1. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 361–379Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Bota S, Sporea I, Sirli R, Popescu A, Danila M, Costachescu D (2012) Intra- and interoperator reproducibility of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography—preliminary results. Ultrasound Med Biol 38(7):1103–1108. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.02.032 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding. Anal Biochemistry 72:248–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Cardiff RD, Wellings SR (1999) The comparative pathology of human and mouse. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 4(1):105–122. doi: 10.1023/A:1018712905244 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Carter D, Mc Fall J, Clegg ST, Wan X, Prescott D, Charles H, Samulski T (1998) Magnetic resonance thermometry during hyperthermia for human high grade sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 4(4):815–822CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Cassinotto C, Lapuyade B, Aït-Ali A, Vergniol J, Gaye D, Foucher J, Bailacq-Auder C, Chermak F, Le Bail B, de Lédinghen V (2013) Liver fibrosis: noninvasive assessment with acoustic radiation force impulse elastography—comparison with FibroScan M and XL probes and FibroTest in patients with chronic liver disease. Radiology 269(1):283–292. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13122208 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Clarke RL, Bush NL, ter Haar GR (2003) The changes in acoustic attenuation due to in vitro heating. Ultrasound Med Biol 29:127–135CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Constant A, Wright WMD (2009) Estimation of tissue elasticity by image processing of simulated B-Mode ultrasound images. In: IER Irish signal and systems conference, p 5Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Damianou CA, Sanghvi NT, Fry FJ, Maass Moreno R (1997) Dependence of ultrasonic attenuation and absorption in dog soft tissues on temperature and thermal dose. J Acoust Soc Am 102:628–634. doi: 10.1121/1.419737 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Dewey WC (1994) Arrhenius relationships from the molecule and cell to the clinic. Int J Hyperth 10:457–483CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Dewhirst MW, Prosnitz L, Thrall D, Prescott D, Cleff S, Charles C, Macfall J, Rosner G, Samulski T, Gillette E, LaRue S (1997) Hyperthermic treatment of malignant diseases: current status and a view toward the future. Semin Oncol 24:616–625PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Dewhirst MW, Vujaskovic Z, Jones E, Thrall D (2005) Re-setting the biologic rationale for thermal therapy. Int J Hyperth 21(8):779–790CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    D’Onofrio M, Crosara S, de Robertis R et al (2013) Acoustic radiation force impulse of the liver. World J Gastroenterol 19(30):4841–4849. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4841 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Doyle TE, Factor RE, Ellefso CL, Sorense KM, Ambrose BJ, Goodrich JB, Hart VP, Jensen SC, Patel H, Neumayer LA (2011) High-frequency ultrasound for intraoperative margin assessments in breast conservation surgery: a feasibility study. BMC Cancer 11:444. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-444 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Edmonds PD, Mortensen CL (1991) Ultrasonic tissue characterization for breast biopsy specimen. Ultrason Imaging 13(2):162–185CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Feingold S, Gessner R, Guracar IM, Dayton PA (2010) Quantitative volumetric perfusion mapping of the microvasculature using contrast ultrasound. Invest Radiol 45(10):669–674. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181ef0a78 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Frizzell LA, Carstensen EL (1976) Shear properties of mammalian tissues at low megahertz frequencies. J Acoust Soc Am 60:1409–1411CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Gallotti A, D’Onofrio M, Mucelli RP (2010) Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) technique in ultrasound with Virtual Touch tissue quantification of the upper abdomen. Radiol Med (Torino) 115(6):889–897. doi: 10.1007/s11547-010-0504-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Gheonea DI, Saftoiu A (2010) New trends in elasticity imaging. Ultraschall in Med 31(5):525–527. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1265798 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Ghoshal G, Luchies A, Blue JP, Oelze ML (2011) Temperature dependent ultrasonic characterization of biological media. J Acoust Soc Am 130:2203–2211. doi: 10.1121/1.3626162 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Goksel O, Salcudean SE (2009) B-mode ultrasound image simulation in deformable 3D medium. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 28(11):1657–1669CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Goldberg SN, Gazelle GS, Mueller PR (2002) Thermal ablation therapy for focal malignancy, a unified approach to underlying principles, techniques, and diagnostic imaging guidance. Am J Roentgenol 174:323–331CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Gorjiara T, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Ghanaeati H (2007) Ultrasound monitoring of temperature change during interstitial laser thermotherapy of liver: an in vitro study. Iran J Radiol 4:95–101Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Goss SA, Frizzell LA, Dunn F, Dines KA (1980) Dependence of the ultrasonic properties of biological tissue of constituent proteins. J Acoust Soc Am 67:1041–1044CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Harper AP, Kelly-Fry E, Noe JS (1981) Ultrasound breast imaging: the method of choice for examining the young patient. Ultrasound Med Biol 7:231–237CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Hendee WR, Ritenour ER (2002) Medical imaging physics, 4th edn. Wiley, New YorkCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Hill CR, ter Haar GR (1995) High intensity focused ultrasound—potential for cancer treatment. Br J Radiol 68:1296–1303. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-68-816-1296 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Hokland SL, Pedersen M, Salomir R, Quesson B, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H, Moonen CT (2006) MRI-guided focused ultrasound: methodology and applications. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25:723–731CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Hsiao YS (2013) Focused ultrasound thermal therapy monitoring using ultrasound, infrared thermal, and photoacoustic imaging techniques (Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Michigan)Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Huang SW, Li PC (2005) Ultrasonic computed tomography reconstruction of the attenuation coefficient using a linear array. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 52:2011–2022CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Hunt JW, Arditi M, Foster FS (1983) Ultrasound transducers for pulse-echo medical imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 30:453–481CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Hynynen K, Vykhodtseva NI, Chung A, Sorrentino V, Colucci V, Jolesz FA (1997) Thermal effects of focused ultrasound on the brain: determination with MR imaging. Radiology 204:247–253CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Jeong JW, Shin DC, Do SH, Blanco C, Klipfel NE, Holmes DR, Hovanessian-Larsen LJ, Marmarelis VZ (2008) Differentiation of cancerous lesions in excised human breast specimens using multiband attenuation profiles from ultrasonic transmission tomography. J Ultrasound Med 27:435–451PubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Jones EL, Prosnitz LR, Dewhirst MW, Marcom PK, Hardenbergh PH, Marks LB, Brizel DM, Vujaskovic Z (2004) Thermochemoradiotherapy improves oxygenation in locally advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10(13):4287–4293. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0133 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Kemmerer JP, Oelze ML (2012) Ultrasonic assessment of thermal therapy in rat liver. Ultrasound Med Biol 38(12):2130–2137. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.07.024 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Kennedy JE (2005) High-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer. doi: 10.1039/nrc1591 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Kobayashi T (1979) Correlation of ultrasonic attenuation with connective tissue content in breast cancer. In: Characterization II, Linzer M (eds) National Ultrasonic Tissue Bureau of Standards special publication. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp 93–99Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    Kruse DE, Lai CY, Stephens DN, Sutcliffe P, Paoli EE, Barnes SH, Katherine W, Ferrara KW (2010) Spatial and temporal controlled tissue heating on a modified clinical ultrasound scanner for generating mild hyperthermia in tumors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57(1):155–166. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2009.202970 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Landini L, Sarnelli S (1986) Evaluation of the attenuation coefficient in normal and pathological breast tissue. Med Biol Eng Comput 24:243–247CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Lee S, Kim DY (2014) Non-invasive diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 20(2):445–459. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.445 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Li Sheng, Pei-Hong Wu (2013) Magnetic resonance image-guided versus ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of breast cancer. Chin J Cancer 32(8):441–452. doi: 10.5732/cjc.012.10104 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Li C, Duric N, Huang L (2008) Breast imaging using transmission ultrasound: reconstructing tissue parameters of sound speed and attenuation. In: Peng Y, Zhang Y (eds) 2008 international conference on biomedical engineering and informatics, May 27–30, 2008. Piscataway. IEEE; Sanya, China, pp 708–712Google Scholar
  50. 50.
    Liu X, Gong X, Yin C, Zhang D (2008) Noninvasive estimation of temperature elevations in biological tissues using acoustic nonlinearity parameter imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 34:414–424CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Lizzi FL, Greenebaum M, Feleppa EJ, Elbaum M, Coleman DJ (1983) Theoretical framework for spectrum analysis in ultrasonic tissue characterization. J Acoust Soc Am 73:1366–1373CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Madsen EL, Sathoff HJ, Zagzebski JA (1983) Ultrasonic shear wave properties of soft tissues and tissue like materials. J Acoust Soc Am 74:1346–1355CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Mamou J, Oelze ML, O’Brien WD Jr, Zachary JF (2008) Extended three dimensional impedance map methods for identifying ultrasonic scattering sites. J Acoust Soc Am 123:1195–1208. doi: 10.1121/1.2822658 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Mohamad Salim MI, Ahmmad SNZ, Rosidi B, Ariffin I, Ahmad AH, Supriyanto E (2010) Measurements of ultrasound attenuation for normal and pathological mice breast tissue using 10 MHz ultrasound wave. In: Proceeding of the 3rd WSEAS international conference on visualization, imaging and simulation (VIS’10), November 3–5, 2010. WSEAS; Faro, Portugal, pp 118–122Google Scholar
  55. 55.
    Mohamad Salim MI, Supriyanto E, Haueisen J, Ariffin I, Ahmad AH, Rosidi B (2013) Measurement of bioelectric and acoustic profile of breast tissue using hybrid magnetoacoustic method for cancer detection. Med Biol Eng Comput 51:459–466. doi: 10.1007/s11517-012-1014-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Montaldo G, Tanter M, Bercoff J, Benech N, Fink M (2009) Coherent plane-wave compounding for very high frame rate ultrasonography and transient elastography. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 56(3):489–506. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1067 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Myerson RJ, Moros E, RotiRoti JL (1998) Hyperthermia. In: Perez CA, Brady LW (eds) Principles and practice of radiation oncology, 3rd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 637–683Google Scholar
  58. 58.
    Nadobny J, Wlodarezyk W, Westhoff L, Gellermann J, Felix R, Wust P (2005) A clinical water coated antenna applicator for MR-controlled deep-body hyperthermia. A comparison of calculated and measured 3D temperature data sets. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 52(3):505–519CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Needles A, Couture O, Foster FS (2009) A method for differentiating targeted microbubbles in real time using subharmonic micro-ultrasound and interframe filtering. Ultrasound Med Biol 35:1564–1573. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.04.006 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    Norton M, Karczub D (2003) Fundamentals of noise and vibration analysis for engineer, 2nd edn. Cambridge Press, Cambridge, pp 128–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Oosterveld BJ, Thijssen JM, Hartman PC, Romijn RL, Rosenbusch GJ (1991) Ultrasound attenuation and texture analysis of diffuse liver disease: methods and preliminary results. Phys Med Biol 36(8):1039CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Orsi F, Zhang L, Arnone P, Bonomo G, Della Vigna P, Monfardini L et al (2010) High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation: effective and safe therapy for solid tumors at difficult locations. AJR Am J Roentgenol (in press)Google Scholar
  63. 63.
    Parmar N, Kolios MC (2006) An investigation of the use of transmission ultrasound to measure acoustic attenuation changes in thermal therapy. Med Biol Eng Comput 44(7):583–591. doi: 10.1007/s11517-006-0067-8 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Patil AV, Rychak JJ, Allen JS et al (2009) Dual frequency method for simultaneous translation and real-time imaging of ultrasound contrast agents within large blood vessels. Ultrasound Med Biol 35:2021–2030. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.07.003 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  65. 65.
    Patil AV, Rychak JJ, Klibanov AL, Hossack JA (2011) A real-time technique for improving molecular imaging and guiding drug delivery in large blood vessels: in vitro and ex vivo results. Mol Imaging 10(4):238–247. doi: 10.2310/7290.2011.00002 PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    Polczynski MH, Seitz MA (1977) Low-frequency 4-probe impedance measuring system. Med Biol Eng Comput 15:573–574CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Postema M, Gilja OH (2011) Contrast-enhanced and targeted ultrasound. World J Gastroenterol 17(1):28–41. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i1.28 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    Pouch AM, Theodore WC, Shultz SM, Seghal CM (2010) In vivo noninvasive temperature measurement by B-mode ultrasound imaging. J Ultrasound Med 29(11):1595–1606PubMedGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    Rangraz P, Behnam H, Tayakkoli J (2014) Nakagami imaging for detecting thermal lesions induced by high-intensity focused ultrasound in tissue. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part H: J Eng Med 228(1):19–26. doi: 10.1177/0954411913511777 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    Rawat V, Jain A, Shrimali V (2010) Investigation and assessment of disorder of ultrasound B-mode images. Int J Comput Sci Inf Secur 7(2). ISSN 1947-5500cGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Sarvazyan A, Hall TJ, Urban MW, Fatemi M, Aglyamov SR, Garra BS (2011) An overview of elastography–an emerging branch of medical imaging. Curr Med Imaging Rev 7:255–282CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    Singh B, Smith CW, Hughes R (1979) In vivo dielectric spectrometer. Med Biol Comput 17:45–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Sullivan LD, McLoughlin MG, Goldenberg LG, Gleave ME, Marich K (1997) Early experience with high-intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br J Urol 79:172–176CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    Tanter M, Bercoff J, Athanasiou A, Deffieux T, Gennisson JL, Montaldo G, Muller M, Tardivon A, Fink M (2008) Quantitative assessment of breast lesion viscoelasticity: initial clinical results using supersonic shear imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 34(9):1373–1386. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Techavipoo U, Varghese T, Chen Q, Stiles TA, Zagzebski JA, Frank GR (2004) Temperature dependence of ultrasonic propagation speed and attenuation in excised canine liver tissue measured using transmitted and reflected pulses. J Acoust Soc Am 115:2859–2865CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    ter Haar GR (1995) Ultrasound focal beam surgery. Ultrasound Med Bio 21:1089–1100. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(95)02010-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    van der Zee J (2002) Heating the patient: a promising approach? Ann Oncol 13(8):1173–1184CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    Vertree RA, Leeth A, Girouard M, Roach JD, Zwischenberger JB (2002) Whole-body hyperthermia: a review of theory, design and application. Perfusion 17(4):279–290CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    Wang L, Maslov K, Wang LV (2013) Engineering, medical sciences single-cell label-free photoacoustic flowoxigraphy in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(15):5759–5764. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1215578110 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Wells PS, Ginsberg JS, Anderson DR, Kearon C, Gent M, Turpie AG, Hirsh J (2001) Utility of ultrasound imaging of the lower extremities in the diagnostic approach in the patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. J Intern Med 250:262–264CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  81. 81.
    Wilson LS, Robinson DE, Doust BD (1984) Frequency domain processing for ultrasonic attenuation measurement in liver. Ultrason Imaging 6:278–292CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    Worthington AE, Trachtenberg J, Sherar MD (2002) Ultrasound properties of human prostate tissue during heating. Ultrasound Med Biol 28(10):1311–1318. doi: 10.1016/S0301-5629(02)00577-X CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    Zhang L, Zhu H, Jin C, Zhou K, Li K, Su H et al (2009) High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): effective and safe therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to major hepatic veins. Eur Radiol 19:437–445CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Zhang S, Wan M, Zhong H, Xu C, Liao Z, Liu H et al (2009) Dynamic changes of integrated backscatter, attenuation coefficient and bubble activities during high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. Ultrasound Med Biol 35(11):1828–1844. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.05.003 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Zhang J, Zhou S, Brunke S, Comaniciu D (2010) Database-guided breast tumor detection and segmentation in 2D ultrasound images. In: Proceedings of the SPIE 7624 medical imaging computer aided diagnosisGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    Zhou YF (2011) High intensity focused ultrasound in clinical tumor ablation. World J Clin Oncol 2(1):8–27. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i1 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Noraida Abd Manaf
    • 1
  • Maizatul Nadwa Che Aziz
    • 1
  • Dzulfadhli Saffuan Ridzuan
    • 1
  • Maheza Irna Mohamad Salim
    • 1
  • Asnida Abd Wahab
    • 1
  • Khin Wee Lai
    • 2
  • Yan Chai Hum
    • 3
  1. 1.Faculty of Biosciences and Medical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor BaharuMalaysia
  2. 2.Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
  3. 3.MIMOS BerhadTaman Teknologi MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Personalised recommendations

Cite article

Buy options