We report the results of an investigation of Fe-doped nanocrystalline ZnO particles synthesized using the co-precipitation method with doping concentrations from 5 up to 31 at%. To understand how the dopant influenced the structural, magnetic and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnO particles, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and vibrating sample magnetometer were employed. From the analysis of X-ray diffraction, our Fe-doped nanocrystalline ZnO particles are identified as having the wurtzite crystal structure and the unit cell volume increases with increasing doping concentrations. However, impurity phases are observed for Fe contents higher than 21 at%. Sample structures were further studied by infrared spectra, from which a broad and strong absorption band in the range of 400–700 cm−1 and –OH stretching vibrational mode at approximately 3400 cm−1 were observed. Ultraviolet–visible measurements showed a decrease in the energy gap with increasing Fe content, probably due to an increase in the lattice parameters. Magnetic measurements showed a ferromagnetic behavior for all samples. ESR results indicate the presence of Fe in both valence states Fe2+ and Fe3+.
Highlights
▸ Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Fe content ≤31 at%) were prepared by co-precipitation. ▸ All samples exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism. ▸ Magnetization increased with increasing doping concentrations. ▸ ESR results indicate the presence of Fe in both valence states Fe2+ and Fe3+. ▸These results are consistent with the result obtained from VSM measurements.
