Characterization of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Shell Prepared by H3PO4 for Procion Red Dye Removal

Hariani, Poedji Loekitowati; Faizal, Muhammad; Ridwan,; Marsi,; Setiabudidaya, Dedi

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.391.51

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HomeApplied Mechanics and MaterialsTechnologies of Mechanical Engineering IndustryCharacterization of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm...

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Shell Prepared by H₃PO₄ for Procion Red Dye Removal

Abstract:

Characterization of activated carbon from oil palm shell prepared by H₃PO₄and application for the removal of procion red dye was investigated. Oil palm shell was carbonized at 500°C and prepared by H₃PO₄ 5 % with ratio of 1:3. Characterized activated carbon by Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The result indicated that functional groups on the activated carbon surface were influenced by acidic treatment. The activated carbon have surface area 385.991 m²g^-1 and volume of micro porous 0.201 cm³g^-1. The SEM-EDS image showed that activated carbon have many porous structure and the strong peak of C was 92.7 %. Adsorption capacity of activated carbon prepared by H₃PO₄ 5 % was 278.197 mg g^-1 which is higher than not chemical activation was 216.456 mg g^-1 at equilibrium time 5 h.

Info:

Periodical:

Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 391)

Main Theme:

Technologies of Mechanical Engineering Industry

Edited by:

Shishir Kumar Sahu

Pages:

51-55

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.391.51

Citation:

P. L. Hariani et al., "Characterization of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Shell Prepared by H₃PO₄ for Procion Red Dye Removal", Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 391, pp. 51-55, 2013

Online since:

September 2013

Authors:

Poedji Loekitowati Hariani, Muhammad Faizal, Ridwan, Marsi, Dedi Setiabudidaya

Keywords:

Activated Carbon, H₃PO₄, Procion Red Dye

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Paper TitlePages

Study on the Adsorption of Trichloroethylene in Water on Activated Carbon and Activated Carbon Fibers

Authors: Da Song He, Cun Ping Liu, Yong Fu Yuan, Xiu Ying Li

Abstract: The removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) from water using activated carbon fibers (ACF) and activated carbon (AC) was investigated. Adsorption, as an efficient process to remove TCE from water was chosen; in particular with ACF and AC as adsorbents. The results showed that physisorption play important roles for adsorption of TCE onto activated carbon fibers, while the less important chemisorption. Langmuir and Freundlich models were then employed to correlate the equilibria data. The Langmuir model best described the AC adsorption isotherm of TCE, with R2 0.9942. Freundlich model best fitted the ACF adsorption isotherm of TCE, with R2 0.9978.

1021

Optimization of Manufacturing Conditions for Activated Carbon from Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Bean Waste by Chemical Activation

Authors: Chiravoot Pechyen, Duangdao Aht-Ong, Viboon Sricharoenchaikul, Duangduen Atong

Abstract: Pyrolysis is one form of energy recovery process which has the potential to generate oil, gas and char products. The char becomes an attractive by-product, with applications including production of activated carbons that is useful as a sorbent for wastewater treatment and air pollution control. In this work, activated carbon was prepared from Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) bean waste collected from local coffee houses. Char from pyrolysis of coffee bean waste at 900 °C contained high fixed carbon and low volatile content that was favorable for subsequent activation process. The char was activated via chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at five different NaOH : char ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1) and heat treated at 400°C for 15 minutes using a fixed bed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 100 mL/min. Result shows that NaOH works effectively as dehydration reagent around 400°C. Under the experimental conditions investigated, impregnation ratio of 1.0 was found to be suitable for producing high-surface area activated carbon. The surface area and total pore volume of activated carbons, which were determined by application of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and t-plot methods, were achieved as high as 802 m2/g and 0.80 cm3/g, respectively. The chemically activated carbons were found to be mainly type I carbons and had high adsorption property (Methylene blue adsorption = 284 mg/g and Iodine number = 1070 mg/g).

113

Preparation of Pruning Mulberry Shoot-Based Activated Carbon by ZnCl₂ Activation

Authors: Jun Wang, Ning Qiu, Huan Wu, Fu An Wu

Abstract: This paper reports the preparation of activated carbon from a new type of agricultural biomass materials, pruning mulberry shoot, by ZnCl₂ activation. The experiments in this study vary the parameters of ZnCl₂ activation procedures, such as concentration and impregnation ratio of the activating agent, temperature and time of chemical activation. The experimental results indicated that with a ZnCl₂ concentration of 50%, an impregnation ratio of 2:1, an activation temperature of 850 °C, and an activation time of 90 min, the activated carbon with better iodine and MB adsorption capacity were 1422.40 mg/g and 163.54mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the optimal preparation process of activated carbon from pruning mulberry shoot was successfully achieved by using single-factor method in this study, which can be used as adsorbents for various environmental applications.

407

The Properties of Activated Carbon Fiber Derived from Direct Activation from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber

Authors: Chee Heong Ooi, Chun Li Ang, Fei Yee Yeoh

Abstract: Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is an abundant agricultural waste available in Malaysia. More than two million tonnes (dry weight) of extracted oil palm fiber are estimated to be generated annually. Usually the EFB is used as boiler fuel to produce steam in the palm oil mills. EFB fiber can be used to prepare activated carbon fiber (ACF) by carbonization and activation. Conversion of EFB fiber to ACF will reduce the amount of agricultural waste produced annually and it represents a potential source of adsorbents used for adsorption. The ACF has many advantages as compared to the conventional activated carbon found in powder or granular form. These advantages include large surface area, high adsorption capacity and high rates of adsorption from the gas or liquid phase. In this study, ACF produced from EFB fiber by single step direct activation process (ACF-D) was compared against ACF produced by conventional 2-step carbonization and activation (ACF-ND). The different properties between ACFs produced were investigated. The raw EFB and ACFs were characterized by a SEM and EDS, FTIR and XRD. The results show that EFB has carbon content of 63.33 weight percentage (wt %) with oxygen content of 36.67 wt %. ACF-D was found to have a high carbon content of 93.63 wt%, with low oxygen content (5.19 wt %). ACF-ND gave a higher carbon content up to 95.68 wt% and accompanied by a lower oxygen content (3.85 wt %).

109

Comparison on Pore Development of Activated Carbon Produced from Scrap Tire by Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfuric Acid

Authors: Athiwat Sirimuangjinda, Duangduen Atong, Chiravoot Pechyen

Abstract: Two activated carbons employing Scrap Tire as precursor were produced by using two different activating agents, HCl and H₂SO₄ (fixed impregnation ratio 1:1). Both of activated carbons were allowed by single-step to get difference carbonized at 500, 600 and 700°C in a muffle furnace for 1 h. Activated carbons differed with the physical structure, chemical and adsorption properties which were derived from Scanning Electron Microscope, and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. Batched sorption studies were performed to compare the iodine and methylene blue adsorption properties of two carbons. The carbon materials obtained from sulfuric acid activation of 500°C has BET surface area as high as 1066.70 m²/g, Methylene blue adsorption and Iodine number of 288.90 and 590.50 mg/g, respectively. The surface area and adsorption properties of carbon produced using sulfuric acid activation were higher than that produced using hydrochloric acid activation. The results suggest the feasibility of the process from the point of view of both porous texture and adsorption yield.

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