Radioactive by-products of a self-shielded cyclotron and the liquid target system for F-18 routine production

Scientific Paper
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Abstract

Routine production of F-18 radionuclide using proton beams accelerated in a cyclotron could potentially generate residual radioisotopes in the cyclotron vicinity which eventually become major safety concerns over radiation exposure to the workers. In this investigation, a typical 11-MeV proton, self-shielded cyclotron has been assessed for its residual radiation sources in the cyclotron’s shielding, tank/chamber, cave wall as well as target system. Using a portable gamma ray spectroscopy system, the radiation measurement in the cyclotron environment has been carried out. Experimental results indicate that relatively long-lived radioisotopes such as Mn-54, Zn-65 and Eu-152 are detected in the inner and outer surface of the cyclotron shielding respectively while Mn-54 spectrum is observed around the cyclotron chamber. Weak intensity of Eu-152 radioisotope is again spotted in the inner and outer surface of the cyclotron cave wall. Angular distribution measurement of the Eu-152 shows that the intensity slightly drops with increasing observation angle relative to the proton beam incoming angle. In the target system, gamma rays from Co-56, Mn-52, Co-60, Mn-54, Ag-110 m are identified. TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-section data are used to study the origins of the radioactive by-products.

Keywords

Cyclotron Proton Neutron Radionuclide By-product F-18 production 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This research was fully funded by the Indonesian National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) and National Cancer Center (NCC), Dharmais Cancer Hospital – Jakarta, Indonesia. The authors would like to gratefully thank to Dr. Kardinah, Sp.KN. and acknowledge the technical assistance by Ferdi D. Listiawadi, Herta Astarina of NCC-Dharmais Hospital as well as Mohammad R.I. Permadi of Siemens, Ltd.

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Copyright information

© Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical TechnologyNational Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)South TangerangIndonesia

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