WARISAN MULAVARMMAN: MAKNA DAN KEBIJAKAN STRATEGIS
Abstract
Every individual who has attended a 12-years-elementary education must be familiar with the lndic influenced name of "MOiavarmman", which marked the commencement of the historical era of the Indonesian Archipelago in early 4th Century. The written evidence of MOiavarmman's existence is inscribed on six of the seven yOpa of Muara Kaman. Besides the seven yOpa, archaeological traces of Hinduism are also discovered in settlement pouches along the Mahakam River Basin up to the upper river in the west and north. Nevertheless, the relationship among those material cultures is still a mystery; whether they can be identified as Oiavarmman's heritage is a question which needs further meticulous analysis for liable answers. Despite the present mystery, this article will discuss a glimpse of cultural occurrences in the eastern region of Kalimantan based on local narratives, the archaeological evidences of Hinduism on the Mahakam River Basin and their significance, and the strategic policy to accomplish the preservation-based benefiting from archaeological resources.
References
Arfian S. 1994. Penelitian Arkeometri Situs Muara Kaman , Kecamatan Muara Kaman , Kabupaten Kutai , Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi. Banjarmasin: Balai Arkeologi Banjarmasin. Belum diterbitkan.
Arifin, Karina. 1999. Penelitian Etnoarkeologi terhadap praktek penguburan kedua dan tipe monumennya di Kayan Mentarang. Dalam Cristina Eghenter dan Bernard Sellato (eds). Kebudayaan dan Pelestarian Alam.Penelitian lnterdisipliner di Pedalaman Kalimantan. Jakarta: WWF-Indonesia dan the Ford Foundation.hlm. 437-464.
Bernet Kempers, A.J. 1959. Ancient Indonesia Art. Amsterdam: C.P.J. van der Piet.
Buijis, Heeren D.W., H. Witkamp, F.H. Endert, H.C. Siebers, en D.F.K Bosch. 1927. Midden-Oost-Borneo-Expeditie 1925. Weltevraden: Druk van G. Kolff & Co.
Damais, Louis-Charles. 1995. Epigrafi dan Sejarah Nusantara.
Groeneveldt, W.P. 1960. Historical Notes on Indonesia and Malaya compiled from Chinese Sources. Djakarta: C.V. Bhratara.
Krom, N.J. 1956. Zaman Hindu Cetakan ke-2. Terjemahan Arif Effendi. Djakarta:P.T. Pembangunan.
Kusmartono, Vida P.R .. 1995. Survei lkonografi Situs Gua Gunung
Kombeng, Kalimantan Timur. Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi. Banjarmasin: Balai Arkeologi Banjarmasin. Belum diterbitkan.
__ . 2002. Jejak budaya Hindu-Buddha pada DAS Mahakam : Ada kah permukiman pendukungnnya. Naditira Widya, Bentang Lahan dan Permukiman Kuno di Indonesia, Edisi Khusus Nomor 09, Oktober 2002. Banjarbaru: Balai Arkeologi Banjarmasin. him. 40-59.
Lukito, Nugroho Harjo. 2003. Penelitian Eksploratif Daerah Aliran Sungai Keham , Keca matan Muara Wis, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi. Banjarbaru: Balai Arkeologi Banjarmasin. Belum diterbitkan.
Mees, C.A.M. 1935. De Kroniek van Koetai. Tekstuitgave met toelichtig. Thesis. Leiden: Leyden University.
Muljana, Slamet. 1979. Nagarakretagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya . Jakarta: Bhratara Karya Aksara.
_ _ . 1983. Pemugaran Persada Sejarah Leluhur Majapahit. Jakarta: Inti ldayu Press.
Proyek Pembinaan Peninggalan Sejarah dan Kepurbakalaan Pusat. 1995. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 5 tahun 1992 tentang Benda Cagar Budaya dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia nomor 10 tahun 1993 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 5 tahun 1992 tentang Benda
Cagar Budaya. Jakarta:, Direktorat Perlindungan dan Pembinaan Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Sudarmika, G.M. 2001 . Tinggalan arkeologi sebagai salah satu wahana pemersatu unsur bangsa. Dalam Harkantiningsih
( eds) . Proceedings Evaluasi Hasil Penelitian Arkeologi: Mencermati Nilai Budaya Masa Lalu dalam menatap Masa Depan Bedugul, 14-17 Juli 2000. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi.
Suhadi, Machi . 1997/1998. Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi di Muara Kaman, Kabupaten Kutai, Kalimantan Timur 1998 (Tahap II ). Jakarta : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional.
Sumadio, Bambang (ed) . 1993. Jaman Kuna. Sejarah Nasionallndonesia II. Jakarta: Balaii Pustaka.
Tim penelitian. 2005. Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi-Sejarah Kerajaan Kutai di Kawasan Muara Kaman Tahap II. Tenggarong : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dan Universitas Negeri Malang.
Copyright (c) 2019 Naditira Widya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions of Publication
 1. As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:
- make copies (print or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use;
- make copies and distribute such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially or systematically, e.g. via an e-mail list or list server);
- present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute copies of the article to the delegates attending such meeting;
- for your employer, if the article is a ‘work for hire’, made within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use (e.g. training);
- retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the article;
- include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially);
- use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal;
- may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the article, material extracted from the article, or derivative works for the author’s personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies Naditira Widya endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
All copies, print or electronic, or other use of the paper or article must include the appropriate bibliographic citation for the article’s publication in the journal.
2. Requests from third parties
Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the article in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use. Requests for all uses not included above, including the authorization of third parties to reproduce or otherwise use all or part of the article (including figures and tables), should be referred to Naditira Widya by going to our website at http://naditirawidya.kemdikbud.go.id
 3. Author Online Use
- Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from Naditira Widya, provided that the posted version includes a prominently displayed Naditira Widya copyright notice and, when published, a full citation to the original publication, including a link to the article abstract in the journal homepage. Authors shall not post the final, published versions of their papers;
- Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author’s personal web site or the servers of the author’s institution or company in connection with the author’s teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
- Electronic Preprints. Before submitting an article to an Naditira Widya, authors frequently post their manuscripts to their own web site, their employer’s site, or to another server that invites constructive comment from colleagues. Upon submission of an article to Naditira Widya, an author is required to transfer copyright in the article to Naditira Widya, and the author must update any previously posted version of the article with a prominently displayed Naditira Widya copyright notice. Upon publication of an article by the Naditira Widya, the author must replace any previously posted electronic versions of the article with either (1) the full citation to the work with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or link to the article abstract in Naditira Widya homepage, or (2) the accepted version only (not the final, published version), including the Naditira Widya copyright notice and full citation, with a link to the final, published article in journal homepage.
4. Articles in Press (AiP) service
Naditira Widya may choose to publish an abstract or portions of the paper before we publish it in the journal. Please contact our Production department immediately if you do not want us to make any such prior publication for any reason, including disclosure of a patentable invention.
5. Author/Employer Rights
If you are employed and prepared the article on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the article belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, Naditira Widya assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.
 6. Naditira Widya Copyright Ownership
It is the formal policy of Naditira Widya to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of the Naditira Widya, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others. Naditira Widya distributes its technical publications throughout the world and does so by various means such as hard copy, microfiche, microfilm, and electronic media. It also abstracts and may translate its publications, and articles contained therein, for inclusion in various compendiums, collective works, databases and similar publications.
Naditira Widya by Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://naditirawidya.kemdikbud.go.id/
