INFORMAN DALAM PENELITIAN ETNOARKEOLOGI PADA BALAI ARKEOLOGI BANJARMASIN
Abstract
Abstrak. Tulisan ini dibahas berdasarkan pada laporan penelitian etnoarkeologi Balai ArkeologiBanjarmasin yang disimpan di perpustakaan Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta, utamanya berkaitan
dengan pemilihan informan dan pemanfaatan data wawancara. Fokus studi ini adalah menemukan
siapa saja informan dalam penelitian tersebut dan informasi apa yang diberikan. Cara
mengetahuinya dengan melihat hasil penggalian data yang terekam dalam laporan penelitian.
Dengan melihat paparan data dan memperhatikan sinkron tidaknya dengan masalah penelitian,
dapat diukur seberapa besar dukungan data tersebut dalam membantu meraih tujuan. Oleh karena
itu, data dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga kategori yaitu, relevan, kurang relevan, dan tidak relevan
dengan masalah penelitian. Sementara itu, siapa informannya akan dibedakan berdasarkan
identitasnya, sehingga muncul kategori informan sebagai pelaku budaya (penganut agama nenekmoyang,
para pemimpin upacara, dan para pejabat kademangan), dan penerima warisan budaya
(bukan pemeluk agama nenek-moyang dan bukan pejabat kademangan). Pemilihan informan
dan informasinya penting dilakukan, karena itu akan mempengaruhi hasil penelitian. Hal inilah
yang akan dicemati dalam laporan penelitian etnoarkeologi di Balai Arkeologi Banjarmasin untuk
diketahui langkah-langkah yang telah dilakukan. Dengan demikian, diharapkan di masa-masa
mendatang data informan dapat lebih mendukung analisis dan pembahasan tema penelitian.
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