KECENDERUNGAN PENGGUNAAN METODE SURVEI PADA PENELITIAN BALAI ARKEOLOGI BANJARMASIN: ALASAN DAN SOLUSINYA
Abstract
Abstrak. Terdapat dua jenis metode atau cara perolehan data dalam penelitian arkeologi, yaitu survei dan ekskavasi.Dari kedua metode tersebut, survei merupakan teknik penelitian yang paling sering digunakan oleh peneliti Balai
Arkeologi Banjarmasin. Hal tersebut merupakan gejala yang menarik, padahal ekskavasi merupakan ‘jantung’
penelitian arkeologi. Tulisan ini mengulas tentang sebab-sebab penggunaan metode survei lebih banyak daripada
ekskavasi, serta solusi yang memungkinkan pelaksanaan penelitian arkeologi yang berimbang antara tema dan
metode yang sesuai. Data kajian yang dipakai adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan para peneliti pada Balai
Arkeologi Banjarmasin selama 2005-2011. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab utama seringnya penggunaan
metode penelitian survei adalah kondisi alam Kalimantan yang luas dengan fisiografi yang unik. Aktivitas survei
perlu dilakukan agar dapat memperoleh sebaran data lateral terlebih dahulu sebelum meneliti lebih jauh sebaran
data vertikalnya. Solusi yang dapat menjembatani kesenjangan ini adalah intensifikasi ekskavasi pada situs-situs
potensial, menindaklanjuti rekomendasi hasil penelitian terdahulu, kegiatan survei harus dilakukan bersamaan
dengan ekskavasi, dan perimbangan penelitian berdasarkan tema dan metode penelitian.
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