KARAKTERISTIK SITUS ARKEOLOGI KALIMANTAN SELATAN: Berdasarkan Lokasi Geografis
Abstract
Bentanglahan Kalimantan Selatan terdiri atas rawa lebak di daerah Pegunungan Meratus yang menjadi hulu anak-anak Sungai Barito, rawa pasang surut berada di cekungan Barito yang merupakan lahan rawa dan gambut, estuari yang berada di muara sungai dan wilayah kepulauan, perbukitan karst. Lingkungan di keempat satuan lahan tersebut menyediakan kekayaan hayati melimpah dan telah menjadi kawasan budaya yang telah dihuni oleh manusia sejak masa prasejarah sampai dengan saat ini. Penelitian arkeologi di Kalimantan Selatan menemukan situs arkeologi yang tersebar pada tiap-tiap satuan lahan. Artikel ini mengangkat permasalahan mengenai bagaimana karakteristik situs arkeologi yang berada di Kalimantan Selatan berdasarkan kondisi geografisnya. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengumpulan data berdasarkan Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi di Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan dari tahun 1993-2015 di wilayah Kalimantan Selatan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan klasifikasi situs arkeologi berdasarkan lokasi geografis. Langkah selanjutnya adalah menyusun parameter pengamatan yang terdiri atas letak geografis dan kondisi lingkungan, karakteristik temuan, karakteristik budaya, dan kronologi waktu baik absolut ataupun relatif untuk menentukan karakter situs arkeologi. Hasil analisis menghasilkan kecenderungan karakteristik situs arkeologi di Kalimantan Selatan, yaitu adanya orientasi pemilihan lokasi hunian seiring dengan kronologi waktu, karakteristik situs dan data arkeologi dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografisnya, dan usulan lokasi strategis yang dapat ditindaklanjuti oleh tim peneliti di Balar Kalimantan Selatan.
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