SITUS PULAU SIRANG: DATA BARU JEJAK PALEOLITIK DI KALIMANTAN (PULAU SIRANG: NEW DATA ON THE PALAEOLITHIC IN KALIMANTAN)
Abstract
Jejak budaya paleolitik di Kalimantan ditemukan di lembah Sungai Riam Kanan, yaitu di situs Awang Bangkal dan Rantau Balai. Data arkeologi yang ditemukan di situs-situs tersebut berupa kapak perimbas, kapak penetak, kapak genggam, kerakal dipangkas, dan fragmen serpih. Debit air waduk Riam Kanan yang akhir-akhir ini mengalami penurunan secara signifikan memunculkan situs yang semula tenggelam, yang disebut Pulau Sirang. Fenomena ini memunculkan pertanyaanpertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan bentuk, sebaran, dan kronologi data arkeologi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penyelamatan yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan, dan mendokumentasikan data arkeologi sebanyak mungkin dengan rangkaian metode penelitian survei, ekskavasi, dan analisis. Kami laporkan hasil survei dan ekskavasi di Pulau Sirang berupa (dalam terminologi Movius) kapak perimbas, kapak penetak, proto pahat genggam, kapak genggam, serpih, serut,
bilah, lancipan, fragmen serpih, perkutor, batu inti, dan tatal. Sebaran artefak batu tersebut terkonsentrasi di permukaan Pulau Sirang utama, dan beberapa ditemukan di pulau-pulau lain di sekitarnya.
Palaeolithic sites in Kalimantan are located in the Riam Kanan Valley at the Awang Bangkal and Rantau Balai sites. Lithics include pebble tools, hand-axes, flakes and debitage. Power plant construction has recently lowered the level of the Riam Kanan reservoir, revealing a formerly submerged site with surface lithics called Pulau Sirang. This phenomenon raises questions on the morphology of lithics, and their distribution and chronology. The present investigation is a rescue research which aims to collect and record as many archaeological data as possible by a sequence of method comprising survey, excavation, and analysis. We report on archaeological survey and excavation at Pulau Sirang, a site which has yielded (in Movius terminology) a range of choppers, chopping tools, proto-hand-adzes, hand-axes, flakes, scrapers, blades, points, flake shatter, awls, cores, and debitage. The distribution of these lithics is concentrated on the surface of the main Pulau Sirang, and some are also found on other small emergent islands around it.
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