MANTRA PENGOBATAN DALAM NASKAH BANJAR (HEALING MANTRA IN BANJARESE MANUSCRIPT)
Abstract
Sedikitnya studi naskah pengobatan ini karena keberadaan naskah pengobatan sulit ditemukan. Naskah pengobatan adalah naskah rahasia yang disembunyikan dari orang lain karena bacaannya bersifat magis, dan tidak semua orang dapat membacanya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan bagi penelitian lain yang membahas tentang mantra pengobatan yang bersumber dari naskah lama. Selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk melestarikan manuskrip lama yang memuat informasi tentang kehidupan dan budaya masa lampau, melestarikan tradisi lisan mantra dan pengobatan tradisional Banjar yang mulai punah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan menerapkan kodikologi dan menganalisis isi teks mantra pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naskah mantra pengobatan ditulis dengan bahasa Banjar berbentuk prosa dan beraksara Arab Melayu. Naskah ini memuat keterangan tentang kumpulan obat-obatan herbal, termasuk bacaan, mantra, wafak, isim, dan azimat. Lebih lanjut, bacaan dalam naskah ini diklasifikasikan dalam empat bentuk, yaitu doa, ayat Alquran, selawat, dan syahadat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Banjar sejak zaman dulu sudah menggunakan berbagai media dalam melakukan pengobatan.
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The lack of study on healing manuscripts is due to the difficulties in finding such texts. A healing manuscript is a secret text that is kept hidden from others because it contains magic script, and not everyone is able to read it. This research is proposed as basis for other studies on healing mantra originating from old manuscripts. Further, this research is conducted as an effort to preserve old manuscripts that contain information concerning life and culture of the past, preserve the oral traditions of mantra, and traditional Banjarese healings that are becoming extinct. The research method used was descriptive by applying codicology and analyzing the contents of healing mantra. Results of this research indicate that the texts of healing mantra was written as proses in Banjarese using Arabic-Malay letters. The text contains information of a collection of herbal concoctions, including scripts, incantations, wafak, isim, and amulets. Furthermore, the literatures in this manuscript are classified into four structures, i.e. prayer, verses of the Koran, selawat, and shahada. Results of this study indicate that the Banjar community has used various media to conduct healing treatment since ancient times.
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