ANALISIS STRUKTURAL PADA MUKHALINGGA DI NANGA SEPAUK, KABUPATEN SINTANG, KALIMANTAN BARAT (STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MUKHALINGGA IN SEPAUK, KABUPATEN SINTANG, WEST KALIMANTAN)
Abstract
Kebudayaan Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara mewariskan artefak-artefak arkeologi yang tersebar di seluruh pelosok kepulauan ini. Salah satu artefak tersebut berupa mukhalingga yang ditemukan di Nanga Sepauk, Kalimantan Barat. Mukhalingga mengandung simbol religi agama Hindu. Simbol tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh struktur budaya masyarakat yang menciptakan artefak tersebut. Selama ini penelitian arkeologi terhadap mukhalingga membahas hanya kronologi budaya tanpa meneliti aspek struktur budayanya. Penelitian kali ini berupaya mengungkap struktur budaya yang melatarbelakangi pendirian mukhalingga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami sejarah budaya masyarakat masa lalu di Nanga Sepauk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan analisis struktural. Analisis dilakukan dengan menguraikan aspek asosiatif dan paradigmatif mukhalingga. Hasil analisis struktural menunjukkan bahwa mukhalingga merupakan wujud dari tiga aspek, yaitu kekuatan Åšiwa, siklus kehidupan, dan dualisme gagasan. Pada konteks sejarah budaya di Nanga Sepauk keberadaan mukhalingga menunjukkan adanya Åšiwaisme, kultus dewarÄja, dan keberadaan mandala.
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The Hindu-Buddhist culture in Nusantara bequeaths archaeological artefacts scattered throughout the archipelago. One of such artefacts is the mukhalingga found in Nanga Sepauk, West Kalimantan. A mukhalingga contains religious symbols of Hinduism which is formed by the cultural structure of a community who created the artefact. Until today, archaeological studies of mukhalingga discuss only its cultural chronology without examining the structural aspects of the culture. This research attempts to disclose the cultural structure underlying the establishment of a mukhalingga. The objective of this study is to understand the cultural history of the past in Nanga Sepauk. The research method used is qualitative with structural analysis. The analysis is carried out by breaking down the associative and paradigmative aspects of a mukhalingga. The results of structural analysis suggest that a mukhalingga is a manifestation three aspects, i.e. the power of Åšiwa, life cycle, and dualism of ideas. Regarding the context of cultural history in Nanga Sepauk the existence of mukhalingga suggests the presence of Åšiwaisme, dewarÄja cult, and the mandalas.
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